康威的生命游戏 pygame 实现不使用网格副本，不使用 numpy

Question

我正在尝试使用 pygame 在 python 中实现康威的生活游戏。 但是，主循环中每个单元格的计算似乎存在问题。 为了确保每个计算同时完成，我创建了一个网格副本并在该网格上进行了计算。 尽管如此，该程序无法正常工作，我无法弄清楚。 这是我的代码的副本。

import pygame
import time

def create_grid(ROWS, COLS, SCREEN):
    """Creates a grid, sets all values to 0"""
    assert ROWS > 0, "ROWS must be greater than 0"
    assert COLS > 0, "COLS must be greater than 0"

    grid = []
    for i in range(ROWS):
        grid.append([])
        for j in range(COLS):
            grid[i].append(0)
    return grid

pygame.init()

#SCREEN setup
ScreenHeight = 700
ScreenWidth = 700
SCREEN_COLOR = (20, 20, 20)

SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight)) #Create Screen
SCREEN.fill(SCREEN_COLOR)


#Number of ROWS and COLUMNS
ROWS = 30
COLS = 40

#How far will the next cube be placed
SQUARESTEPY = ScreenWidth / ROWS
SQUARESTEPX = ScreenWidth / COLS

GREY = (70, 70, 70)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

#draw grid
grid = create_grid(ROWS, COLS, SCREEN)

# grid[0][0] = 1
# grid[1][0] = 1
# grid[0][1] = 1

while True:

    #create a copy of the grid to calculate the condition of all cells at the same time
    copy_of_grid = grid[:]

    for ev in pygame.event.get():
        #Quit the game
        if ev.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()

        #if mouse click draws or erases a cell
        if pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN == ev.type:
            posX, posY = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            print(posX, posY)
            posX, posY = int(posX / SQUARESTEPX), int(posY / SQUARESTEPY)
            grid[posY][posX] = 1 - grid[posY][posX]

    #calculate conway's rules and draw each cell
    for y in range(ROWS):
        for x in range(COLS):
            neighbors = copy_of_grid[(y - 1) % ROWS][(x - 1) % COLS] + \
                        copy_of_grid[y       % ROWS][(x - 1) % COLS] + \
                        copy_of_grid[(y + 1) % ROWS][(x - 1) % COLS] + \
                        copy_of_grid[(y - 1) % ROWS][x       % COLS] + \
                        copy_of_grid[(y + 1) % ROWS][x       % COLS] + \
                        copy_of_grid[(y - 1) % ROWS][(x + 1) % COLS] + \
                        copy_of_grid[y       % ROWS][(x + 1) % COLS] + \
                        copy_of_grid[(y + 1) % ROWS][(x + 1) % COLS]
            #print(x, y, "neighbors: {}, ON: {}".format(neighbors, grid[y][x]))

            #A dead cell surrounded by exactly 3 cells will revive
            if copy_of_grid[y][x] == 0 and (neighbors == 3 or neighbors == 2):
                grid[y][x] = 1

            #A living cell surrounded by less than 2 or more than 3 neighbors wil die
            elif grid[y][x] == 1 and (neighbors < 2 or neighbors > 3):
                grid[y][x] = 0

            #paint
            if grid[y][x] == 1:
                pygame.draw.rect(SCREEN, WHITE, (SQUARESTEPX * x, SQUARESTEPY * y, SQUARESTEPX, SQUARESTEPY))
            else:
                pygame.draw.rect(SCREEN, SCREEN_COLOR , (SQUARESTEPX * x, SQUARESTEPY * y, SQUARESTEPX, SQUARESTEPY))


    pygame.display.flip()
    time.sleep(0.1)

pygame.quit()

Answer 1

copy_of_grid = grid[:]不是网格的副本。 它是外部列表的浅表副本（请参阅Lists ）。 但是列表copy_of_grid中的元素仍然与列表grid中的元素相同。
您必须在循环中复制嵌套列表：

copy_of_grid = []
for row in grid:
    copy_of_grid.append(row[:])