Pandas Dataframe 根据长度替换字符串

Question

我有一个大约 160,000 行的 pandas dataframe (df2)。 我正在尝试更改列（url）中的一些值。

此列中的字符串长度在 108 到 150 个字符之间。 如果字符串不是 108 个字符，我想用相同的字符串替换它，切断最后 10 个字符。 如果字符串是 108 个字符。 我想不管它。 请注意，我并不是要让每个字符串都包含 108 个字符，我只是想截断任何不是 108 个字符的字符串的最后 10 个字符。

示例：len(s) = 114，替换为 s[:-10]

我构建了一个 function 可以执行此操作，但速度非常慢，可能是因为它在每个循环中重建了 dataframe。

for i in df2.url:
    if len(i) != 108:
        new_i = i[:-10]
        df2 = df2.replace(i,new_i)

必须有一种更快的方法来做到这一点，但我无法弄清楚如何。 我会喜欢更精通 pandas 的人的专业知识。

下面是我要更改的列的 200 行的示例：

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Answer 1

基本解决方案

下面的解决方案使用在对 pandas.ZBA834BA112A9A378E419 的调用中定义的lambda pandas.DataFrame.apply() 。

df['url'] = df['url'].apply(lambda x: x if len(x) == 108 else x[:-10])

在这里，如果len(x) == 108 ， df['url'] ( x ) 中的每个值都保持不变，否则更新为x[:-10] 。

处理异常

下面的解决方案类似于上面提供的解决方案，但是在这种情况下，一些基本的异常处理已经在由url_trim() pandas.DataFrame.apply()

这比第一个解决方案更健壮，并且当在pandas.DataFrame.apply()中抛出异常时不会停止代码执行，因为df['url']行中的意外值，在这些情况下，值只是保持不变 -例如，如果numpy.nan用于 null 值。

def url_trim(x):
    try:
        if len(x) != 108:
            return x[:-10]
        else:
            return x
    except:
        return x

df['url'] = df['url'].apply(lambda x: url_trim(x))

Answer 2

以下代码将检查 url 列的长度，如果字符串低于 108，则删除字符串的最后 10 个字符。修改后的 url 将包含在 modified_url 列中。

# Get string length
df["string_length"] = df["url"].astype(str).str.len()

# Create a filter based on string length
filter_length = df["string_length"]<108 

# Extract string for the filter
df["modified_url"]=df["url"]
df.loc[filter_length,"modified_url"]=df[filter_length]["url"].astype(str).str[:-10]