在 gitlab CI/CD 内使用 selenium

Question

我已经绝望地尝试为由 gitlab 托管的我的个人项目设置pytest管道 CI/CD。

我试图用两个基本文件建立一个简单的项目：

文件test_core.py ，为了简单起见，没有任何其他依赖项：

# coding: utf-8
# !/usr/bin/python3

import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options

def test_basic_headless_selenium_example():
    """Test selenium installation by opening python website.
    (inspired by https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/getting-started.html)
    """
    opts = Options()
    opts.headless = True
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=opts)
    driver.get("http://www.python.org")
    driver.close()

文件.gitlab-ci.yml ，用于 CI/CD 自动测试：

stages:
  - tests

pytest:python3.7:
  image: python:3.7
  stage: tests
  services:
    - selenium/standalone-firefox:latest
  script:
 #   - apt-get update && apt-get upgrade --assume-yes
    - wget -O ~/FirefoxSetup.tar.bz2 "https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-latest&os=linux64"
    - tar xjf ~/FirefoxSetup.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
    - ln -s /opt/firefox/firefox /usr/lib/firefox
    - export PATH=$PATH:/opt/firefox/
    - wget -O ~/geckodriver.tar.gz "https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.28.0/geckodriver-v0.28.0-linux64.tar.gz"
    - tar -zxvf ~/geckodriver.tar.gz -C /opt/
    - export PATH=$PATH:/opt/
    - pip install selenium pytest
    - pytest

在我的笔记本电脑上， pytest命令可以 100% 正常工作。 当我推送对 gitlab 的提交时，我迫切地收到错误：

>       raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
E       selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Process unexpectedly closed with status 255
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py:242: WebDriverException
=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED test_selenium.py::test_basic_headless_selenium_example - selenium.comm...
============================== 1 failed in 1.29s ===============================
Cleaning up file based variables
00:01
ERROR: Job failed: exit code 1

我创建了一个简单的项目： https://gitlab.com/OlivierLuG/selenium_firefox重现了这个例子。 失败的管道可以直接在这里找到： https://gitlab.com/OlivierLuG/selenium_firefox/-/pipelines/225711127

有人知道如何解决此错误吗？

Answer 1

我终于设法用下面的.gitlab-ci.yml文件在绿色上 ping gitlab CI。

请注意，我不是 yaml 语言的粉丝。 为了使文件更短，我使用了一个名为install_firefox_geckodriver的共享代码块。 然后，我用 python 3.7 和 3.8 配置了 2 个作业，它们调用了这个块。 The keys to make this kind of test to work are: _ run in headless mode (this was already the case for me) _ install firefox and geckodriver with command lines _ install firefox dependencies _ use gitlab selenium service

这是我的 yaml 文件。 成功的管道可以在这里找到： https://gitlab.com/OlivierLuG/selenium_firefox/-/pipelines/225756742

stages:
  - tests

.install_firefox_geckodriver: &install_firefox_geckodriver
  - apt-get update && apt-get upgrade --assume-yes
  - apt-get install gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libcups2 libdbus-1-3 libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgcc1 libgconf-2-4 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxss1 libxtst6 ca-certificates fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils --assume-yes
  - wget -nv -O ~/FirefoxSetup.tar.bz2 "https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-latest&os=linux64"
  - tar xjf ~/FirefoxSetup.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
  - ln -s /opt/firefox/firefox /usr/lib/firefox
  - export PATH=$PATH:/opt/firefox/
  - wget -nv -O ~/geckodriver.tar.gz "https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.28.0/geckodriver-v0.28.0-linux64.tar.gz"
  - tar -zxvf ~/geckodriver.tar.gz -C /opt/
  - export PATH=$PATH:/opt/


pytest:python3.7:
  image: python:3.7
  stage: tests
  services:
    - selenium/standalone-firefox:latest
  script:
    - *install_firefox_geckodriver
    - pip install selenium pytest
    - pytest

pytest:python3.8:
  image: python:3.8
  stage: tests
  services:
    - selenium/standalone-firefox:latest
  script:
    - *install_firefox_geckodriver
    - pip install selenium pytest
    - pytest

Answer 2

如果您使用的是基于 Ubuntu 的镜像，安装过程可以简化如下，允许获取最新的geckodriver版本：

before_script:
  # Configura the timezone, needed for some libraries.
  # Solution from https://dev.to/setevoy/docker-configure-tzdata-and-timezone-during-build-20bk
  - TZ=America/Sao_Paulo # Numeric inputs: 2 - 134.
  - ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime
  - echo $TZ > /etc/timezone
  # Add the needed libraries.
  - apt update && apt -y upgrade


.install_firefox_geckodriver: &install_firefox_geckodriver
  - apt -y install firefox  curl wget # It needs timezone configuration made in "before_script"
  #- wget -nv -O ~/FirefoxSetup.tar.bz2 "https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-latest&os=linux64"
  - wget $(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/latest | grep 'browser_' | cut -d\" -f4 | grep linux64.tar.gz$)
  - tar -xf gecko*