Visual Studio：未解决的导入“numpy”

Question

我正在尝试运行下面需要 numpy 的代码。 我通过pip install numpy安装它。 但是，numpy 在编辑器中突出显示，并带有注释unresolved import 'numpy' 。 当我尝试运行它时，我收到错误No module named 'numpy' 。 在我第一次卸载 numpy 并重新安装时遇到错误后，问题仍然存在。

我正在使用 Python 3.7.8 和 NumPy 1.20.2。

我试图运行的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Copyright (c) 2018 Matthew Earl
# 
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# 
#     The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
#     in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# 
#     THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
#     OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
#     MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
#     NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
#     DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
#     OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
#     USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


"""
Super Mario Bros level extractor
This script requires py65emu, numpy, and PIL to run.  Run with no arguments to see usage.
See http://matthewearl.github.io/2018/06/28/smb-level-extractor/ for a description of how this was written.
To run you'll need to compile https://gist.github.com/1wErt3r/4048722 with x816 to obtain the PRG-ROM and symbol files.
The CHR-ROM should be extracted from a Super Mario Bros ROM, or can be read from an INES ROM file.  See
https://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/INES for information on the INES format.  In addition you'll need a NES palette
saved in "data/ntscpalette.pal", generated using the tool here: https://bisqwit.iki.fi/utils/nespalette.php
"""


import collections
import pathlib
import re

import numpy as np

from py65emu.cpu import CPU
from py65emu.mmu import MMU


_WORKING_RAM_SIZE = 0x800


Symbol = collections.namedtuple('Symbol', ('name', 'address', 'line_num'))


class SymbolFile:
    _LINE_RE = r"(?P<name>[A-Z0-9_]+) *= \$(?P<address>[A-F0-9]*) *; <> \d+, statement #(?P<line_num>\d+)"
    def __init__(self, fname):
        with open(fname) as f:
            self._symbols = [self._parse_symbol(line) for line in f.readlines()]

        self._symbols = list(sorted(self._symbols, key=lambda s: s.address))
        self._name_to_addr = {s.name: s.address for s in self._symbols}
        self._addr_to_name = {s.address: s.name for s in self._symbols}

    def _parse_symbol(self, line):
        m = re.match(self._LINE_RE, line)
        return Symbol(m.group('name'), int(m.group('address'), 16), int(m.group('line_num')))

    def __getitem__(self, name):
        return self._name_to_addr[name]


def _read_ppu_data(mmu, addr):
    while True:
        ppu_high_addr = mmu.read(addr)
        if ppu_high_addr == 0x0:
            break
        ppu_low_addr = mmu.read(addr + 1)
        assert ppu_high_addr == 0x3f and ppu_low_addr == 0x00
        flags_and_length = mmu.read(addr + 2)
        assert (flags_and_length & (1<<7)) == 0, "32-byte increment flag set"
        assert (flags_and_length & (1<<6)) == 0, "Repeating flag set"
        length = flags_and_length & 0b111111

        addr += 3
        for i in range(length):
            yield mmu.read(addr)
            addr += 1


def _load_palette(mmu, sym_file, nes_palette):
    area_type = mmu.read(sym_file['AREATYPE'])
    idx = mmu.read(sym_file['AREAPALETTE'] + area_type)

    high_addr = mmu.read(sym_file['VRAM_ADDRTABLE_HIGH'] + idx)
    low_addr = mmu.read(sym_file['VRAM_ADDRTABLE_LOW'] + idx)

    palette_data = list(_read_ppu_data(mmu, high_addr << 8 | low_addr))
    assert len(palette_data) == 32

    a = np.array(palette_data[:16]).reshape(4, 4)
    a[:, 0] = mmu.read(sym_file['BACKGROUNDCOLORS'] + area_type)
    
    return nes_palette[a]


def _execute_subroutine(cpu, addr):
    s_before = cpu.r.s
    cpu.JSR(addr)
    while cpu.r.s != s_before:
        cpu.step()


def _get_metatile_buffer(mmu, sym_file):
    return [mmu.read(sym_file['METATILEBUFFER'] + i) for i in range(13)]


def load_tile(chr_rom, idx):
    chr_rom_addr = 0x1000 + 16 * idx
    d = chr_rom[chr_rom_addr:chr_rom_addr + 16]
    a = np.array([[b & (128 >> i) != 0 for i in range(8)] for b in d]).reshape(2, 8, 8)
    return a[0] + 2 * a[1]


def _render_metatile(mmu, chr_rom, mtile, palette):
    palette_num = mtile >> 6
    palette_idx = mtile & 0b111111

    high_addr = mmu.read(sym_file['METATILEGRAPHICS_HIGH'] + palette_num)
    low_addr = mmu.read(sym_file['METATILEGRAPHICS_LOW'] + palette_num)

    addr = (high_addr << 8 | low_addr) + palette_idx * 4

    t = np.vstack([np.hstack([load_tile(chr_rom, mmu.read(addr + c * 2 + r)) for c in range(2)])
                        for r in range(2)])

    return palette[palette_num][t]


def load_level(stage, prg_rom, chr_rom, sym_file, nes_palette):
    # Initialize the MMU / CPU
    mmu = MMU([
            (0x0, _WORKING_RAM_SIZE, False, []),
            (0x8000, 0x10000, True, list(prg_rom))
    ])
    cpu = CPU(mmu, 0x0)

    # Execute some preamble subroutines which set up variables used by the main subroutines.
    if isinstance(stage, tuple):
        world_num, area_num = stage
        mmu.write(sym_file['WORLDNUMBER'], world_num - 1)
        mmu.write(sym_file['AREANUMBER'], area_num - 1)
        _execute_subroutine(cpu, sym_file['LOADAREAPOINTER'])
    else:
        area_pointer = stage
        mmu.write(sym_file['AREAPOINTER'], area_pointer)

    mmu.write(sym_file['HALFWAYPAGE'], 0)
    mmu.write(sym_file['ALTENTRANCECONTROL'], 0)
    mmu.write(sym_file['PRIMARYHARDMODE'], 0)
    mmu.write(sym_file['OPERMODE_TASK'], 0)
    _execute_subroutine(cpu, sym_file['INITIALIZEAREA'])

    # Extract the palette.
    palette = _load_palette(mmu, sym_file, nes_palette)

    # Repeatedly extract meta-tile columns, until the level starts repeating.
    cols = []
    for column_pos in range(1000):
        _execute_subroutine(cpu, sym_file['AREAPARSERCORE'])
        cols.append(_get_metatile_buffer(mmu, sym_file))
        _execute_subroutine(cpu, sym_file['INCREMENTCOLUMNPOS'])

        if len(cols) >= 96 and cols[-48:] == cols[-96:-48]:
            cols = cols[:-80]
            break
    level = np.array(cols).T

    # Render a dict of metatiles.
    mtiles = {mtile: _render_metatile(mmu, chr_rom, mtile, palette)
                for mtile in set(level.flatten())}

    return level, mtiles


def render_level(level, mtiles):
    return np.vstack([np.hstack([mtiles[mtile] for mtile in row]) for row in level])


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    import PIL.Image

    world_map = {
        '{}-{}'.format(world_num, area_num): (world_num, area_num)
            for world_num in range(1, 9)
            for area_num in range(1, 5)
    }
    world_map.update({
        'bonus': 0xc2,
        'cloud1': 0x2b,
        'cloud2': 0x34,
        'water1': 0x00,
        'water2': 0x02,
        'warp': 0x2f,
    })

    if len(sys.argv) < 6:
        print("Usage: {} <world> <prg-rom> <sym-file> <chr-rom> <out-file>".format(sys.argv[0]), file=sys.stderr)
        print("  <world> is one of {}".format(', '.join(sorted(world_map.keys()))), file=sys.stderr)
        print("  <prg-rom> is the binary output from x816")
        print("  <sym-file> is the sym file output from x816")
        print("  <chr-rom> is a CHR-ROM dump")
        print("  <out-file> is the output image name")
        sys.exit(-1)

    stage = world_map[sys.argv[1]]
    with open(sys.argv[2], 'rb') as f:
        prg_rom = f.read()
    sym_file = SymbolFile(sys.argv[3])
    with open(sys.argv[4], 'rb') as f:
        chr_rom = f.read()
    out_fname = sys.argv[5]

    with (pathlib.Path(sys.argv[0]).parent / "data" / "ntscpalette.pal").open("rb") as f:
        nes_palette = np.array(list(f.read())).reshape(64, 3)

    level, mtiles = load_level(stage, prg_rom, chr_rom, sym_file, nes_palette)
    a = render_level(level, mtiles).astype(np.uint8)
    im = PIL.Image.fromarray(a)
    im.save(out_fname)

Answer 1

确保您已在用于运行程序的同一 python 环境中安装 NumPy。 （检查 PATH 变量是否包含正确的 python 环境的路径）

Answer 2

您是如何在 Visual Studio 中创建工作区的？ 您是否安装了与 Visual Studio 一起安装的 Python 开发工具？ 您是否创建了“Python 应用程序”作为您的项目模板？

如果是这样，那么您的项目应该创建了一个虚拟环境，您可以在解决方案目录中看到它。 如果是这种情况，请执行以下操作：

1. Go 到“解决方案资源管理器”选项卡 >
2. 找到“Python 环境”
3. 找到你的活跃环境。 对我来说，只有一个叫做“Python 3.9（全局默认）”
4. 右键单击并 select “管理 Python 包...”

那里应该列出所有已安装的软件包和版本。 如果 numpy 不存在，只需在搜索框中输入“numpy”并单击建议安装选项：“运行命令：pip install numpy”。