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[英]nginx docker container as reverse proxy for services running in docker containers
[英]Implementation of Nginx Container for Reverse Proxying and SSL certificates for Django Containers inside Docker Swarm
我想用 Docker Swarm 部署 Django 应用程序。 I was following this guide where it does not use the docker swarm nor docker-compose, and specifically created two Django containers, one Nginx container, and a Certbot container for the SSL certificate. Nginx 容器反向代理和负载平衡跨两个 Django 容器,这两个容器在使用它们的 IP 的两个服务器中
upstream django {
server APP_SERVER_1_IP;
server APP_SERVER_2_IP;
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
return 444;
}
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name your_domain.com;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name your_domain.com;
# SSL
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your_domain.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your_domain.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_session_cache shared:le_nginx_SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 1440m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384";
client_max_body_size 4G;
keepalive_timeout 5;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_pass http://django;
}
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
root /var/www/html;
}
}
我想使用 Docker Swarm 实现所有这些相同的功能,这样我就可以使用一个命令docker service update --replicas 3 <servicename>
来扩展容器
The problem is I am not able to understand How to use implement the Nginx container in this scenario, Docker Swarm provides its load balancing so I did not need Nginx for that but Nginx is still needed for SSL certificates. 那么如何在 Swarm 中实现 Nginx 以便它为所有节点提供 SSL 证书并反向代理到 Django 容器? I only used Nginx before for reverse proxying so I am not able to figure how to write the Nginx conf and make the Nginx Container work with the Django Container with SSL included all inside a Docker Swarm.
####################
# docker-stack.yml #
####################
version: '3.7'
services:
web:
image: 127.0.0.1:5000/django-image
deploy:
replicas: 3
command: gunicorn mydjangoapp.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000
expose:
- 8000
depends_on:
- nginx
nginx:
image: 127.0.0.1:5000/nginx-image
deploy:
replicas: 2
ports:
- 80:80
depends_on:
- web
nginx.conf 我用于撰写文件以指向一个 Django 容器
upstream django {
server web:8000; #web is name of django service
}
server {
#SSL STUFF
listen 80;
location / {
proxy_pass http://django;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_redirect off;
}
}
因此,在 nginx 和世界之间,您可以选择让 docker 将负载平衡输入到您的 nginx 实例,或使用外部负载平衡器。 如果您有一组外部负载均衡器指向的固定节点,那么
nginx:
image: 127.0.0.1:5000/nginx-image
ports:
- 443:443
networks:
- proxy
deploy:
mode: global
placement:
constraints:
- node.labels.myorg.lb==true
和 label 对应的节点myorg.lb=true
接下来,关于你的服务,docker 基本上有两种广告复制服务的方式:vip 和 dnsrr。 使用vip
模式 - 默认值 - docker 会将单个 ip 地址分配给名称“web” - 这是您为 nginx 副本分配的地址,然后它将在该副本之间进行负载平衡。 您可以将服务切换到 dnsrr 模式,在这种情况下,dns 对 web 的查询将是所有服务副本的当前 ips 的动态变化列表。 或者,您可以使用显式名称tasks.<service>
来获取相同的 dnsrr 条目。
现在。 我不知道 nginx 是否支持负载平衡到 dnsrr 开箱即用。 但我知道它会长时间缓存条目,因此您需要使用显式解析器 (127.0.0.11) 设置 nginx,刷新间隔较短。
web:
image: 127.0.0.1:5000/django-image
command: gunicorn mydjangoapp.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000
networks:
- proxy
deploy:
replicas: 3
endpoint_mode: dnsrr
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