为什么我的 Environ 导入没有 import.env 变量？

Question

我正在构建一个 Django 应用程序，但我遇到了问题。 我已经导入了环境 package 以便将所有变量存储在.env文件中，但实际上我的应用程序似乎没有读取它，我不明白为什么。

这是我的.env文件：

DEBUG=True
SECRET_KEY='<SECRET>'
DB_NAME=<SECRET>
DB_USER=<SECRET>
DB_PASSWORD=<SECRET>
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=
EMAIL_HOST=
EMAIL_HOST_USER=
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=
EMAIL_PORT=
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL=<SECRET>

这是我的settings.py文件：

from pathlib import Path
import environ

env = environ.Env(
    DEBUG=(bool, False)
)

READ_DOT_ENV_FILE = env.bool('READ_DOT_ENV_FILE', default=False)
if READ_DOT_ENV_FILE:
    environ.Env.read_env()

DEBUG = env('DEBUG')
SECRET_KEY = env('SECRET_KEY')

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'whitenoise.runserver_nostatic',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    
    # Third party apps
    'crispy_forms',
    'crispy_tailwind',
    'tailwind',
    'theme',

    # Local apps
    'leads',
    'agents',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'djcrm.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [ BASE_DIR / "templates" ],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'djcrm.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME': env("DB_NAME"),
        'USER': env("DB_USER"),
        'PASSWORD': env("DB_PASSWORD"),
        'HOST': env("DB_HOST"),
        'PORT': env("DB_PORT"),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR / "static"
]
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = "media_root"
STATIC_ROOT = "static_root"
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage'

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'leads.User'
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend"
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "/leads"
LOGIN_URL = "/login"
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = "/"

CRISPY_ALLOWED_TEMPLATE_PACKS = "tailwind"
CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'tailwind'

if not DEBUG:
    SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
    SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True
    SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
    CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True
    SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER = True
    SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF = True
    SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 31536000  # 1 year
    SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = True
    SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD = True
    X_FRAME_OPTIONS = "DENY"

    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]

    EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend"
    EMAIL_HOST = env("EMAIL_HOST")
    EMAIL_HOST_USER = env("EMAIL_HOST_USER")
    EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = env("EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD")
    EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
    EMAIL_PORT = env("EMAIL_PORT")
    DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = env("DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL")


LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'console': {
            'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
        },
    },
    'root': {
        'handlers': ['console'],
        'level': 'WARNING',
    },
}

TAILWIND_APP_NAME = 'theme'

当我运行python manage.py runserver命令（或任何其他命令 btw）时，我收到此错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 273, in get_value
    value = self.ENVIRON[var]
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.2_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/os.py", line 679, in __getitem__
    raise KeyError(key) from None
KeyError: 'SECRET_KEY'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 61, in execute
    super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 371, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 68, in handle
    if not settings.DEBUG and not settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS:
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 83, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 70, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 177, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.2_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 790, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/djcrm/settings.py", line 13, in <module>
    SECRET_KEY = env('SECRET_KEY')
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 123, in __call__
    return self.get_value(var, cast=cast, default=default, parse_default=parse_default)
  File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 277, in get_value
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Set the SECRET_KEY environment variable

现在，如果我将密钥硬编码到settings.py中，错误会发生变化：

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Set the DB_NAME environment variable

据我所见，似乎settings.py根本没有读取.env中的所有变量，但我不知道如何解决这个问题。 我能做些什么？

编辑：问题已解决这比我想象的要容易。 我忘记在终端输入export READ_DOT_ENV_FILE=True以便在开发中启用文件读取。

感谢所有试图帮助我的人！

祝你今天过得愉快

Answer 1

确保 your.env 文件与 settings.py 位于同一目录中。

Answer 2

这可能是一个艰难的方式

为控制台中的每个变量尝试以下代码

export SECRET_KEY='<SECRET>'

Answer 3

问题解决了

这比我想象的要容易。 我忘记在终端输入export READ_DOT_ENV_FILE=True以便在开发中启用文件读取。

感谢所有试图帮助我的人！

祝你今天过得愉快