python升级后pip和tox坏了

Question

Python 升级后，要安装 Python 3.8，tox，pip，venv 不起作用。 我应用了这个，步骤 01 到 07，然后我做了：

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/local/bin/python3.8 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.8 1

我在第一行犯了一个错误，所以我用

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 2

现在我有了这个

~ python --version
Python 2.7.16
~ python3 --version
Python 3.8.2

之后我尝试了这些命令：

➜  ~ /usr/local/bin/python3.8 -m venv $HOME/test
Error: Command '['/home/sguiho/test/bin/python3.8', '-Im', 'ensurepip', '--upgrade', '--default-pip']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

➜  ~ python -m pip install tox
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 143, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 279, in run
    with self._build_session(options) as session:
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 79, in _build_session
    insecure_hosts=options.trusted_hosts,
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 337, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 100, in user_agent
    zip(["name", "version", "id"], distro.linux_distribution()),
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/distro-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/distro.py", line 120, in linux_distribution
    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/distro-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/distro.py", line 675, in linux_distribution
    self.version(),
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/distro-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/distro.py", line 735, in version
    self.lsb_release_attr('release'),
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/distro-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/distro.py", line 892, in lsb_release_attr
    return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, '')
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/distro-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/distro.py", line 550, in __get__
    ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/distro-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/distro.py", line 998, in _lsb_release_info
    stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=devnull)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 223, in check_output
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd, output=output)
CalledProcessError: Command '('lsb_release', '-a')' returned non-zero exit status 1

➜  ~ python3 -m pip install tox
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 188, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 286, in run
    with self._build_session(options) as session:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 101, in _build_session
    session = PipSession(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 559, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 144, in user_agent
    zip(["name", "version", "id"], distro.linux_distribution()),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 122, in linux_distribution
    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 677, in linux_distribution
    self.version(),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 737, in version
    self.lsb_release_attr('release'),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 899, in lsb_release_attr
    return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, '')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 552, in __get__
    ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 1012, in _lsb_release_info
    stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=devnull)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 411, in check_output
    return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 512, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '('lsb_release', '-a')' returned non-zero exit status 1.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/__main__.py", line 19, in <module>
    sys.exit(_main())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py", line 77, in main
    return command.main(cmd_args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 234, in main
    session = self._build_session(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 101, in _build_session
    session = PipSession(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 559, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 144, in user_agent
    zip(["name", "version", "id"], distro.linux_distribution()),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 122, in linux_distribution
    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 677, in linux_distribution
    self.version(),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 737, in version
    self.lsb_release_attr('release'),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 899, in lsb_release_attr
    return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, '')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 552, in __get__
    ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 1012, in _lsb_release_info
    stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=devnull)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 411, in check_output
    return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 512, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '('lsb_release', '-a')' returned non-zero exit status 1.

你有什么想法？ 我应该重新安装我的操作系统以避免浪费我的时间吗？

操作系统：Debian 巴斯特

Answer 1

您是否也执行过$ sudo update-alternatives --config python ？

您可以安装多个 python 版本。 最好的方法是使用虚拟环境，并指定您来自哪个 python 版本。 就像您的参考文章中一样：

python3.8 -m venv my_app_venv然后获取环境：

source my_app_venv/bin/activate