无法使用 Python3.8 安装 pandas

Question

当我尝试在 Linux 机器上安装pandas时，我遇到了以下问题。 请让我知道我在这里缺少什么依赖关系，或者是否有任何其他问题。

当我使用Python3安装时，相同的命令运行良好

Python版本Python3.8

# python3.8 -m pip install pandas
Collecting pandas
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/99/f0/f99700ef327e51d291efdf4a6de29e685c4d198cbf8531541fc84d169e0e/pandas-1.3.5.tar.gz
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 188, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 345, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 196, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 359, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 305, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    abstract_dist = self.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 214, in prepare_linked_requirement
    abstract_dist.prepare_distribution_metadata(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/source.py", line 70, in prepare_distribution_metadata
    reqs = self.req.pep517_backend.get_requires_for_build_wheel()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/wrappers.py", line 70, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
    return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_wheel', {
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/wrappers.py", line 162, in _call_hook
    raise BackendUnavailable
pip._vendor.pep517.wrappers.BackendUnavailable
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 21.3.1 is available.

当执行为python3.8 -m pip install --no-use-pep517 pandas ，观察以下问题 -

   ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/local/bin/python3.8 -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-xt3n6dn0/pandas/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-xt3n6dn0/pandas/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base pip-egg-info
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-xt3n6dn0/pandas/
    Complete output (11 lines):
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 20, in <module>
        from setuptools.dist import Distribution, Feature
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 35, in <module>
        from setuptools import windows_support
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/windows_support.py", line 2, in <module>
        import ctypes
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
        from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

Answer 1

尝试：

python3.8 -m pip install --no-use-pep517 pandas

也许您还应该升级pip和setuptools之前：

python3.8 -m pip install -U pip setuptools

Answer 2

试试吧

pip cache purge以清除所有缓存的包，

您也可以尝试在更新 pip - pip install --upgrade pip后安装。

如果这没有帮助，请尝试使用您的 python3.8 创建一个虚拟环境并尝试在该 venv 中安装软件包。