[英]How to convert CSV to nested JSON in Python
我有一个 csv 文件,格式如下:
一个 | b | c | d | e |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
我想将此 csv 文件转换为嵌套 JSON 格式,如下所示:
[{"a": 1,
"Purchase" : {
"b": 2,
"c": 3
"d": 4},
"Sales": {
"d": 4,
"e": 5}},
{"a": 9,
"Purchase" : {
"b": 8,
"c": 7},
"Sales": {
"d": 6,
"e": 5}}]
我怎样才能进行这种转变? 我似乎无法弄清楚如何在 Python 中进行这种转换。 请记住,这只是示例表,我的真实表具有多列和数千行,因此手动操作并不经济。
直到现在我已经尝试过这段代码:
with open("new_data.csv") as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
for r in reader:
r["purchase"] = {"b": r['b'],
"c": r['c'],
}
在这里,我尝试添加所需字典的另一个键值对,但未成功。 我也会对Sales
做同样的事情,但这只是示例。
一种简单的方法是添加更多列; 然后在 pandas 中使用to_json
方法:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('your_file.csv')
df['Purchase'] = df[['b','c','d']].to_dict('records')
df['Sales'] = df[['d','e']].to_dict('records')
out = df[['a', 'Purchase', 'Sales']].to_json(orient='records', indent=4)
Output:
[
{
"a":1,
"Purchase":{
"b":2,
"c":3,
"d":4
},
"Sales":{
"d":4,
"e":5
}
},
{
"a":9,
"Purchase":{
"b":8,
"c":7,
"d":6
},
"Sales":{
"d":6,
"e":5
}
}
]
您不需要任何库,只需指定正确的方言,例如制表符分隔:
import csv
import json
with open("tmp4.csv", "r") as f:
result = [
{
"a": row["a"],
"Purchase": {
"b": row["b"],
"c": row["c"],
},
"Sales": {
"d": row["d"],
"e": row["e"],
},
}
for row in csv.DictReader(f, dialect='excel-tab')
]
assert (
json.dumps(result)
== '[{"a": "1", "Purchase": {"b": "2", "c": "3"}, "Sales": {"d": "4", "e": "5"}}, {"a": "9", "Purchase": {"b": "8", "c": "7"}, "Sales": {"d": "6", "e": "5"}}]'
)
当您执行r["purchase"] = {"b": ...}
时,您将字典分配回每行 object r
在循环结束时被丢弃。 相反,为每条记录创建一个新字典,并将 append 放到一个列表中。 喜欢:
result = []
with open("new_data.csv") as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
for r in reader:
result.append({
"a": r["a"],
"Purchase" : {
"b": r["b"],
"c": r["c"],
"d": r["d"],
},
"Sales": {
"d": r["d"],
"e": r["e"],
},
})
并使用列表理解来创建result
:
with open("new_data.csv") as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
result = [{
"a": r["a"],
"Purchase" : {
"b": r["b"],
"c": r["c"],
"d": r["d"],
},
"Sales": {
"d": r["d"],
"e": r["e"],
},
} for r in reader]
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