[英]Find default gateway address for Windows and Linux on python
[英]Python: get default gateway for a local interface/ip address in linux
在 Linux 上,如何使用 python 找到本地 ip 地址/接口的默认网关?
I saw the question "How to get internal IP, external IP and default gateway for UPnP", but the accepted solution only shows how to get the local IP address for a network interface on windows.
谢谢。
对于那些不想要额外的依赖并且不喜欢调用子进程的人,这里是你如何通过直接阅读/proc/net/route
自己做的:
import socket, struct
def get_default_gateway_linux():
"""Read the default gateway directly from /proc."""
with open("/proc/net/route") as fh:
for line in fh:
fields = line.strip().split()
if fields[1] != '00000000' or not int(fields[3], 16) & 2:
# If not default route or not RTF_GATEWAY, skip it
continue
return socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L", int(fields[2], 16)))
我没有要测试的 big-endian 机器,所以我不确定字节序是否取决于您的处理器架构,但如果是,请将<
in struct.pack('<L', ...
with =
所以代码将使用机器的本机字节序。
为了完整性(并扩展 alastair 的答案),这里是一个使用“netifaces”的示例(在 Ubuntu 10.04 下测试,但这应该是可移植的):
$ sudo easy_install netifaces
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Oct 1 2012, 22:04:36)
...
$ ipython
...
In [8]: import netifaces
In [9]: gws=netifaces.gateways()
In [10]: gws
Out[10]:
{2: [('192.168.0.254', 'eth0', True)],
'default': {2: ('192.168.0.254', 'eth0')}}
In [11]: gws['default'][netifaces.AF_INET][0]
Out[11]: '192.168.0.254'
“netifaces”的文档: https ://pypi.python.org/pypi/netifaces/
似乎http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pynetinfo/0.1.9可以做到这一点,但我还没有测试过。
最新版本的netifaces
也可以这样做,但与pynetinfo
不同,它可以在 Linux 以外的系统上工作(包括 Windows、OS X、FreeBSD 和 Solaris)。
def get_ip():
file=os.popen("ifconfig | grep 'addr:'")
data=file.read()
file.close()
bits=data.strip().split('\n')
addresses=[]
for bit in bits:
if bit.strip().startswith("inet "):
other_bits=bit.replace(':', ' ').strip().split(' ')
for obit in other_bits:
if (obit.count('.')==3):
if not obit.startswith("127."):
addresses.append(obit)
break
return addresses
你可以这样得到它(用 python 2.7 和 Mac OS X Capitain 测试,但也应该在 GNU/Linux 上工作):import subprocess
def system_call(command):
p = subprocess.Popen([command], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
return p.stdout.read()
def get_gateway_address():
return system_call("route -n get default | grep 'gateway' | awk '{print $2}'")
print get_gateway_address()
这是我使用python获取Mac和Linux默认网关的解决方案:
import subprocess
import re
import platform
def get_default_gateway_and_interface():
if platform.system() == "Darwin":
route_default_result = subprocess.check_output(["route", "get", "default"])
gateway = re.search(r"\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}", route_default_result).group(0)
default_interface = re.search(r"(?:interface:.)(.*)", route_default_result).group(1)
elif platform.system() == "Linux":
route_default_result = re.findall(r"([\w.][\w.]*'?\w?)", subprocess.check_output(["ip", "route"]))
gateway = route_default_result[2]
default_interface = route_default_result[4]
if route_default_result:
return(gateway, default_interface)
else:
print("(x) Could not read default routes.")
gateway, default_interface = get_default_gateway_and_interface()
print(gateway)
对于 Mac:
import subprocess
def get_default_gateway():
route_default_result = str(subprocess.check_output(["route", "get", "default"]))
start = 'gateway: '
end = '\\n'
if 'gateway' in route_default_result:
return (route_default_result.split(start))[1].split(end)[0]
print(get_default_gateway())
如果您有多个默认网关,这是一个解决方案。
import socket, struct
from pprint import pprint as pp
with open("/proc/net/route") as fh:
# skip header
next(fh)
route_list = []
for line in fh:
routes = line.strip().split()
destination = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L", int(routes[1], 16)))
if destination != "0.0.0.0":
continue
gateway = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L", int(routes[2], 16)))
mask = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L", int(routes[7], 16)))
metric = routes[6]
interface = routes[0]
route_table = (destination, gateway, mask, metric, interface)
route_list.append(route_table)
pp(route_list)
#[('0.0.0.0', '0.0.0.0', '0.0.0.0', '0', 'wlan0'),
# ('0.0.0.0', '192.168.225.1', '0.0.0.0', '1024', 'usb0')]
声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.