[英]How to properly install isapi_wsgi on IIS for Python2.7?
我已经在Windows 7上的IIS上安装了Python作为CGI应用程序。这非常简单,但我想使用WSGI的东西,以获得更好的灵活性。
我下载了isapi_wsgi的存档, 解压缩它,然后根据说明运行安装,如下所示:
\python27\python.exe setup.py install
这成功了:
然后我编写了一个带有wsgi胶水的.py模块,并尝试安装它。 这样失败了:
这是一个COM Moniker错误,我知道IIS6兼容的管理内容基于COM Monikers,这提醒我有一个isapi_wsgi与IIS6兼容管理内容的预先请求。 我运行\\windows\\system32\\OptionalFeatures.exe
并安装它,然后重新运行.py模块并正确安装。
C:\dev\wsgi>\Python27\python.exe app1_wsgi.py
Configured Virtual Directory: /wsgi
Installation complete.
好的,很好。 现在,当我查看当前目录时,我看到一个名为_app1_wsgi.dll的新DLL,当我查看IIS管理器时,我可以看到一个新的IIS vdir,以及该vdir中用于'*'的脚本映射,它映射到_app1_wsgi.DLL。 都好。 但! 向http://localhost/wsgi
发出请求给出了500错误。
通过一些反复试验,我发现定义我的处理程序的.py模块必须位于site-packages目录中。 我对此感到非常惊讶。
我可以避免这个吗? 我可以简单地将.py模块放在与生成的.dll文件相同的目录中吗? 或者我是否需要将所有python逻辑部署到site-packages以便从WSGI机制运行它?
答案是:
如问题中所述安装isapi_wsgi是正确的。
使用app.py的基本样板,如isapi_wsgi附带的示例代码所示,Web应用程序的python类需要位于site-packages目录中。
可以允许python源模块与生成的* .dll文件驻留在同一目录中,但它需要在* wsgi.py文件中进行一些特殊处理。
在Windows上运行python以进行开发的更好方法是简单地下载Google App Engine并使用内置的专用http服务器。 GAE SDK附带的框架处理重新加载,并允许将.py模块放在特定目录中。
如果您不想下载并安装GAE SDK,则可以尝试以下操作。 使用此代码,当请求到达isapi_wsgi时,处理程序在主目录中查找py模块,并加载它。 如果模块已经加载,它会检查文件“上次修改时间”,如果最后一个模式时间晚于先前加载的时间,则重新加载模块。 它适用于简单的情况但我认为当存在嵌套模块依赖时它会很脆弱。
import sys
import os
import win32file
from win32con import *
# dictionary of [mtime, module] tuple; uses file path as key
loadedPages = {}
def request_handler(env, start_response):
'''Demo app from wsgiref'''
cr = lambda s='': s + '\n'
if hasattr(sys, "isapidllhandle"):
h = None
# get the path of the ISAPI Extension DLL
hDll = getattr(sys, "isapidllhandle", None)
import win32api
dllName = win32api.GetModuleFileName(hDll)
p1 = repr(dllName).split('?\\\\')
p2 = p1[1].split('\\\\')
sep = '\\'
homedir = sep.join(p2[:-1])
# the name of the Python module is in the PATH_INFO
moduleToImport = env['PATH_INFO'].split('/')[1]
pyFile = homedir + sep + moduleToImport + '.py'
fd = None
try:
fd = win32file.CreateFile(pyFile, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_DELETE, None, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0)
except Exception as exc1:
fd = None
if fd is not None:
# file exists, get mtime
fd.close()
mt = os.path.getmtime(pyFile)
else:
mt = None
if mt is not None:
h = None
if not pyFile in loadedPages:
# need a new import
if homedir not in sys.path:
sys.path.insert(0, homedir)
h = __import__(moduleToImport, globals(), locals(), [])
# remember
loadedPages[pyFile] = [mt, h]
else:
# retrieve handle to module
h = loadedPages[pyFile][1]
if mt != loadedPages[pyFile][0]:
# need to reload the page
reload(h)
loadedPages[pyFile][0] = mt
if h is not None:
if 'handler' in h.__dict__:
for x in h.handler(env, start_response):
yield x
else:
start_response("400 Bad Request", [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
else:
start_response("404 Not Found", [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
yield cr()
yield cr("<html><head><title>Module not found</title>" \
"</head><body>")
yield cr("<h3>404 Not Found</h3>")
yield cr("<h3>No handle</h3></body></html>")
else:
start_response("404 Not Found", [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
yield cr()
yield cr("<html><head><title>Module not found</title>" \
"</head><body>")
yield cr("<h3>404 Not Found</h3>")
yield cr("<h3>That module (" + moduleToImport + ") was not found.</h3></body></html>")
else:
start_response("500 Internal Server Error", [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
yield cr()
yield cr("<html><head><title>Server Error</title>" \
"</head><body><h1>Server Error - No ISAPI Found</h1></body></html>")
# def test(environ, start_response):
# '''Simple app as per PEP 333'''
# status = '200 OK'
# start_response(status, [('Content-type', 'text/plain')])
# return ['Hello world from isapi!']
import isapi_wsgi
# The entry point(s) for the ISAPI extension.
def __ExtensionFactory__():
return isapi_wsgi.ISAPISimpleHandler(request_handler)
def PostInstall(params, options):
print "The Extension has been installed"
# Handler for our custom 'status' argument.
def status_handler(options, log, arg):
"Query the status of the ISAPI?"
print "Everything seems to be fine..."
if __name__=='__main__':
# This logic gets invoked when the script is run from the command-line.
# In that case, it installs this module as an ISAPI.
#
# The API provided by isapi_wsgi for this is a bit confusing. There
# is an ISAPIParameters object. Within that object there is a
# VirtualDirs property, which itself is a list of
# VirtualDirParameters objects, one per vdir. Each vdir has a set
# of scriptmaps, usually this set of script maps will be a wildcard
# (*) so that all URLs in the vdir will be served through the ISAPI.
#
# To configure a single vdir to serve Python scripts through an
# ISAPI, create a scriptmap, and stuff it into the
# VirtualDirParameters object. Specify the vdir path and other
# things in the VirtualDirParameters object. Stuff that vdp object
# into a sequence and set it into the ISAPIParameters thing, then
# call the vaguely named "HandleCommandLine" function, passing that
# ISAPIParameters thing.
#
# Clear as mud?
#
# Seriously, this thing could be so much simpler, if it had
# reasonable defaults and a reasonable model, but I guess it will
# work as is.
from isapi.install import *
# Setup the virtual directories -
# To serve from root, set Name="/"
sm = [ ScriptMapParams(Extension="*", Flags=0) ]
vdp = VirtualDirParameters(Name="wsgi", # name of vdir/IIS app
Description = "ISAPI-WSGI Demo",
ScriptMaps = sm,
ScriptMapUpdate = "replace"
)
params = ISAPIParameters(PostInstall = PostInstall)
params.VirtualDirs = [vdp]
cah = {"status": status_handler}
# from isapi.install, part of pywin32
HandleCommandLine(params, custom_arg_handlers = cah)
使用此模型,请求http:// foo / wsgi / bar将尝试使用WSGI .dll文件从主目录加载bar.py. 如果找不到bar.py,则会得到404.如果自上次运行以来bar.py已更新,则会重新加载。 如果无法加载条形,则会获得500。
bar.py必须公开导出一个名为handler
的方法。 该方法必须是生成器。 像这样:
import time
def handler(env, start_response):
start_response("200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
cr = lambda s='': s + '\n'
yield cr("<html><head><title>Hello world!</title></head><body>")
yield cr("<h1>Bargle Bargle Bargle</h1>")
yield cr("<p>From the handler...</p>")
yield cr("<p>(bargle)</p>")
yield cr("<p>The time is now: " + time.asctime() + " </p>")
yield cr("</body></html>")
__all__ = ['handler']
但正如我所说,我认为GAE可能是使用Windows开发Python webapps的更好方法。
把它放在你的脚本之上:
导入站点site.addsitedir('path / to / your / site-packages')
你有同样的问题,用这两行解决了
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