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[英]What is a secure way to send an email using Python and Gmail as the provider?
[英]How to send an email with Gmail as provider using Python?
我正在尝试使用 python 发送 email(Gmail),但出现以下错误。
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "emailSend.py", line 14, in <module>
server.login(username,password)
File "/usr/lib/python2.5/smtplib.py", line 554, in login
raise SMTPException("SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server.")
smtplib.SMTPException: SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server.
Python 脚本如下。
import smtplib
fromaddr = 'user_me@gmail.com'
toaddrs = 'user_you@gmail.com'
msg = 'Why,Oh why!'
username = 'user_me@gmail.com'
password = 'pwd'
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')
server.starttls()
server.login(username,password)
server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, msg)
server.quit()
def send_email(user, pwd, recipient, subject, body):
import smtplib
FROM = user
TO = recipient if isinstance(recipient, list) else [recipient]
SUBJECT = subject
TEXT = body
# Prepare actual message
message = """From: %s\nTo: %s\nSubject: %s\n\n%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login(user, pwd)
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.close()
print 'successfully sent the mail'
except:
print "failed to send mail"
如果要使用端口 465,则必须创建SMTP_SSL
object:
# SMTP_SSL Example
server_ssl = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.gmail.com", 465)
server_ssl.ehlo() # optional, called by login()
server_ssl.login(gmail_user, gmail_pwd)
# ssl server doesn't support or need tls, so don't call server_ssl.starttls()
server_ssl.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
#server_ssl.quit()
server_ssl.close()
print 'successfully sent the mail'
在直接进入STARTTLS
之前,您需要说EHLO
:
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
此外,您应该真正创建From:
、 To:
和Subject:
邮件标题,用空行与邮件正文分隔,并使用CRLF
作为 EOL 标记。
例如
msg = "\r\n".join([
"From: user_me@gmail.com",
"To: user_you@gmail.com",
"Subject: Just a message",
"",
"Why, oh why"
])
笔记:
为了使其工作,您需要在 gmail 帐户配置中启用“允许安全性较低的应用程序”选项。 否则,当 gmail 检测到非 Google 应用程序正在尝试登录您的帐户时,您将收到“严重安全警报”。
我遇到了类似的问题并偶然发现了这个问题。 我收到 SMTP 身份验证错误,但我的用户名/密码是正确的。 这是修复它的方法。 我读到这个:
https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6010255
简而言之,谷歌不允许你通过 smtplib 登录,因为它已将这种登录标记为“不太安全”,所以你必须做的是 go 在你登录到你的谷歌帐户时到这个链接,并允许访问:
https://www.google.com/settings/security/lesssecureapps
一旦设置好(参见下面的屏幕截图),它应该可以工作。
登录现在有效:
smtpserver = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
smtpserver.ehlo()
smtpserver.starttls()
smtpserver.ehlo()
smtpserver.login('me@gmail.com', 'me_pass')
更改后的响应:
(235, '2.7.0 Accepted')
之前的回应:
smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError: (535, '5.7.8 Username and Password not accepted. Learn more at\n5.7.8 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=14257 g66sm2224117qgf.37 - gsmtp')
还是行不通? 如果您仍然收到 SMTPAuthenticationError 但现在代码是 534,那是因为位置未知。 按照这个链接:
https://accounts.google.com/DisplayUnlockCaptcha
单击继续,这应该会给您 10 分钟的时间来注册您的新应用程序。 因此,现在继续进行另一次登录尝试,它应该可以工作。
更新:这似乎无法立即工作,您可能会在 smptlib 中遇到此错误一段时间:
235 == 'Authentication successful'
503 == 'Error: already authenticated'
消息说使用浏览器登录:
SMTPAuthenticationError: (534, '5.7.9 Please log in with your web browser and then try again. Learn more at\n5.7.9 https://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=78754 qo11sm4014232igb.17 - gsmtp')
启用“lesssecureapps”后,go 喝杯咖啡,回来,再次尝试“DisplayUnlockCaptcha”链接。 根据用户体验,更改可能需要一个小时才能生效。然后再次尝试登录过程。
创建之后,然后创建一个名为sendgmail.py
的文件
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# =============================================================================
# Created By : Jeromie Kirchoff
# Created Date: Mon Aug 02 17:46:00 PDT 2018
# =============================================================================
# Imports
# =============================================================================
import smtplib
# =============================================================================
# SET EMAIL LOGIN REQUIREMENTS
# =============================================================================
gmail_user = 'THEFROM@gmail.com'
gmail_app_password = 'YOUR-GOOGLE-APPLICATION-PASSWORD!!!!'
# =============================================================================
# SET THE INFO ABOUT THE SAID EMAIL
# =============================================================================
sent_from = gmail_user
sent_to = ['THE-TO@gmail.com', 'THE-TO@gmail.com']
sent_subject = "Hey Friends!"
sent_body = ("Hey, what's up? friend!\n\n"
"I hope you have been well!\n"
"\n"
"Cheers,\n"
"Jay\n")
email_text = """\
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s
%s
""" % (sent_from, ", ".join(sent_to), sent_subject, sent_body)
# =============================================================================
# SEND EMAIL OR DIE TRYING!!!
# Details: http://www.samlogic.net/articles/smtp-commands-reference.htm
# =============================================================================
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', 465)
server.ehlo()
server.login(gmail_user, gmail_app_password)
server.sendmail(sent_from, sent_to, email_text)
server.close()
print('Email sent!')
except Exception as exception:
print("Error: %s!\n\n" % exception)
所以,如果你成功了,会看到这样的图像:
我通过向自己发送 email 进行了测试。
注意:我的帐户启用了两步验证。 App Password works with this, (for gmail smtp setup you must go to https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833?hl=en and follow the below steps)
此设置不适用于启用两步验证的帐户。 此类帐户需要特定于应用程序的密码才能访问不太安全的应用程序。
导航到https://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords并如上所述创建 APP 密码。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import smtplib
class Gmail(object):
def __init__(self, email, password):
self.email = email
self.password = password
self.server = 'smtp.gmail.com'
self.port = 587
session = smtplib.SMTP(self.server, self.port)
session.ehlo()
session.starttls()
session.ehlo
session.login(self.email, self.password)
self.session = session
def send_message(self, subject, body):
''' This must be removed '''
headers = [
"From: " + self.email,
"Subject: " + subject,
"To: " + self.email,
"MIME-Version: 1.0",
"Content-Type: text/html"]
headers = "\r\n".join(headers)
self.session.sendmail(
self.email,
self.email,
headers + "\r\n\r\n" + body)
gm = Gmail('Your Email', 'Password')
gm.send_message('Subject', 'Message')
这是一个 Gmail API 示例。 虽然更复杂,但这是我发现的唯一在 2019 年有效的方法。此示例取自并修改自:
https://developers.google.com/gmail/api/guides/sending
您需要通过他们的网站使用 Google 的 API 接口创建一个项目。 接下来,您需要为您的应用启用 GMAIL API。 创建凭据,然后下载这些凭据,将其保存为凭据.json。
import pickle
import os.path
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from google_auth_oauthlib.flow import InstalledAppFlow
from google.auth.transport.requests import Request
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import base64
#pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client google-auth-httplib2 google-auth-oauthlib
# If modifying these scopes, delete the file token.pickle.
SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.readonly', 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send']
def create_message(sender, to, subject, msg):
message = MIMEText(msg)
message['to'] = to
message['from'] = sender
message['subject'] = subject
# Base 64 encode
b64_bytes = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_bytes())
b64_string = b64_bytes.decode()
return {'raw': b64_string}
#return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())}
def send_message(service, user_id, message):
#try:
message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message).execute())
print( 'Message Id: %s' % message['id'] )
return message
#except errors.HttpError, error:print( 'An error occurred: %s' % error )
def main():
"""Shows basic usage of the Gmail API.
Lists the user's Gmail labels.
"""
creds = None
# The file token.pickle stores the user's access and refresh tokens, and is
# created automatically when the authorization flow completes for the first
# time.
if os.path.exists('token.pickle'):
with open('token.pickle', 'rb') as token:
creds = pickle.load(token)
# If there are no (valid) credentials available, let the user log in.
if not creds or not creds.valid:
if creds and creds.expired and creds.refresh_token:
creds.refresh(Request())
else:
flow = InstalledAppFlow.from_client_secrets_file(
'credentials.json', SCOPES)
creds = flow.run_local_server(port=0)
# Save the credentials for the next run
with open('token.pickle', 'wb') as token:
pickle.dump(creds, token)
service = build('gmail', 'v1', credentials=creds)
# Example read operation
results = service.users().labels().list(userId='me').execute()
labels = results.get('labels', [])
if not labels:
print('No labels found.')
else:
print('Labels:')
for label in labels:
print(label['name'])
# Example write
msg = create_message("from@gmail.com", "to@gmail.com", "Subject", "Msg")
send_message( service, 'me', msg)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
你可以在这里找到它: http://jayrambhia.com/blog/send-emails-using-python
smtp_host = 'smtp.gmail.com'
smtp_port = 587
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(smtp_host,smtp_port)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login(user,passw)
fromaddr = raw_input('Send mail by the name of: ')
tolist = raw_input('To: ').split()
sub = raw_input('Subject: ')
msg = email.MIMEMultipart.MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = fromaddr
msg['To'] = email.Utils.COMMASPACE.join(tolist)
msg['Subject'] = sub
msg.attach(MIMEText(raw_input('Body: ')))
msg.attach(MIMEText('\nsent via python', 'plain'))
server.sendmail(user,tolist,msg.as_string())
不直接相关但仍然值得指出的是,我的 package 试图使发送 gmail 消息变得非常快速和轻松。 它还尝试维护错误列表并尝试立即指出解决方案。
从字面上看,它只需要这段代码就可以完全按照您的编写:
import yagmail
yag = yagmail.SMTP('user_me@gmail.com')
yag.send('user_you@gmail.com', 'Why,Oh why!')
或者一个班轮:
yagmail.SMTP('user_me@gmail.com').send('user_you@gmail.com', 'Why,Oh why!')
在您的 gmail 帐户上启用安全性较低的应用程序并使用 (Python>=3.6):
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
gmailUser = 'XXXXX@gmail.com'
gmailPassword = 'XXXXX'
recipient = 'XXXXX@gmail.com'
message = f"""
Type your message here...
"""
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = f'"Your Name" <{gmailUser}>'
msg['To'] = recipient
msg['Subject'] = "Subject here..."
msg.attach(MIMEText(message))
try:
mailServer = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
mailServer.ehlo()
mailServer.starttls()
mailServer.ehlo()
mailServer.login(gmailUser, gmailPassword)
mailServer.sendmail(gmailUser, recipient, msg.as_string())
mailServer.close()
print ('Email sent!')
except:
print ('Something went wrong...')
意识到通过 Python 发送电子邮件有多么痛苦,因此我为它制作了一个广泛的库。 它还预先配置了 Gmail(因此您不必记住 Gmail 的主机和端口):
from redmail import gmail
gmail.user_name = "you@gmail.com"
gmail.password = "<YOUR APPLICATION PASSWORD>"
# Send an email
gmail.send(
subject="An example email",
receivers=["recipient@example.com"],
text="Hi, this is text body.",
html="<h1>Hi, this is HTML body.</h1>"
)
当然你需要配置你的Gmail账号(不用担心,很简单):
Red Mail 实际上非常广泛(包括附件、嵌入图像、使用 cc 和 bcc 发送、使用 Jinja 的模板等),希望 email 发件人提供您所需要的一切。 它也经过了很好的测试和记录。 希望对你有帮助。
安装:
pip install redmail
文档: https://red-mail.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
源码: https://github.com/Miksus/red-mail
请注意,Gmail 不允许更改发件人。 发件人地址始终是您。
There is a gmail API now, which lets you send email, read email and create drafts via REST. 与 SMTP 调用不同,它是非阻塞的,这对于在请求线程中发送 email 的基于线程的网络服务器(如 python 网络服务器)来说是一件好事。 API也相当强大。
如果您在域上拥有 Google Apps 管理员权限,则设置最简单,因为您可以向您的客户授予全面权限。 否则,您必须摆弄 OAuth 身份验证和权限。
这是一个证明它的要点:
@David 的好答案,这里是 Python 3 没有通用的 try-except :
def send_email(user, password, recipient, subject, body):
gmail_user = user
gmail_pwd = password
FROM = user
TO = recipient if type(recipient) is list else [recipient]
SUBJECT = subject
TEXT = body
# Prepare actual message
message = """From: %s\nTo: %s\nSubject: %s\n\n%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login(gmail_user, gmail_pwd)
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.close()
似乎是旧smtplib
的问题。 在python2.7
中一切正常。
更新:是的, server.ehlo()
也可以提供帮助。
尝试2 件事,以便能够使用Gmail 发送 Python 。
允许不太安全的应用程序:开↓↓↓
允许访问您的 Google 帐户:开(点击“继续”)↓↓↓
import smtplib
fromadd='from@gmail.com'
toadd='send@gmail.com'
msg='''hi,how r u'''
username='abc@gmail.com'
passwd='password'
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login(username,passwd)
server.sendmail(fromadd,toadd,msg)
print("Mail Send Successfully")
server.quit()
except:
print("Error:unable to send mail")
NOTE:https://www.google.com/settings/security/lesssecureapps that should be enabled
import smtplib
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login("fromaddress", "password")
msg = "HI!"
server.sendmail("fromaddress", "receiveraddress", msg)
server.quit()
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