在 Ubuntu 上安装 SciPy/Python

Question

我目前正在按照教程安装 SciPy 堆栈在 Ubuntu 12.04（精确穿山甲）上安装SciPy （我无法使用apt-get install因为我需要最新版本）。

但是，当我执行以下命令时出现错误：

python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install --prefix=/usr/local   # Installs to /usr/local

python setup.py build

michael@michael-laptop-ubuntu:~/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1$ python setup.py buildRunning from scipy source directory.
blas_opt_info:
blas_mkl_info:
  libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in /usr/local/lib
  libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in /usr/lib
  libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/sse2
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/sse2
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_info:
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/sse2
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/sse2
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
  NOT AVAILABLE

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1423: UserWarning: 
    Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
    the ATLAS environment variable.
  warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_info:
  libraries blas not found in /usr/local/lib
  libraries blas not found in /usr/lib
  libraries blas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
  NOT AVAILABLE

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1432: UserWarning: 
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
    the BLAS environment variable.
  warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_src_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1435: UserWarning: 
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
    Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
    the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
  warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 208, in <module>
    setup_package()
  File "setup.py", line 199, in setup_package
    configuration=configuration )
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
    config = configuration()
  File "setup.py", line 136, in configuration
    config.add_subpackage('scipy')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1002, in add_subpackage
    caller_level = 2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 971, in get_subpackage
    caller_level = caller_level + 1)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 908, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
    config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
  File "scipy/setup.py", line 8, in configuration
    config.add_subpackage('integrate')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1002, in add_subpackage
    caller_level = 2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 971, in get_subpackage
    caller_level = caller_level + 1)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 908, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
    config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
  File "scipy/integrate/setup.py", line 10, in configuration
    blas_opt = get_info('blas_opt',notfound_action=2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py", line 320, in get_info
    return cl().get_info(notfound_action)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py", line 471, in get_info
    raise self.notfounderror(self.notfounderror.__doc__)
numpy.distutils.system_info.BlasNotFoundError: 
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
    the BLAS environment variable.
Error in sys.excepthook:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook
    from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from apport.report import Report
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 18, in <module>
    import problem_report
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/problem_report.py", line 14, in <module>
    import zlib, base64, time, sys, gzip, struct, os
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/gzip.py", line 10, in <module>
    import io
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/io/__init__.py", line 83, in <module>
    from matlab import loadmat, savemat, byteordercodes
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/io/matlab/__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
    from mio import loadmat, savemat
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/io/matlab/mio.py", line 15, in <module>
    from mio4 import MatFile4Reader, MatFile4Writer
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/io/matlab/mio4.py", line 9, in <module>
    import scipy.sparse
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/__init__.py", line 180, in <module>
    from csr import *
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/csr.py", line 12, in <module>
    from sparsetools import csr_tocsc, csr_tobsr, csr_count_blocks, \
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/sparsetools/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from csr import *
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/sparsetools/csr.py", line 25, in <module>
    _csr = swig_import_helper()
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/sparsetools/csr.py", line 17, in swig_import_helper
    import _csr
ImportError: No module named _csr

Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 208, in <module>
    setup_package()
  File "setup.py", line 199, in setup_package
    configuration=configuration )
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
    config = configuration()
  File "setup.py", line 136, in configuration
    config.add_subpackage('scipy')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1002, in add_subpackage
    caller_level = 2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 971, in get_subpackage
    caller_level = caller_level + 1)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 908, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
    config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
  File "scipy/setup.py", line 8, in configuration
    config.add_subpackage('integrate')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1002, in add_subpackage
    caller_level = 2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 971, in get_subpackage
    caller_level = caller_level + 1)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 908, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
    config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
  File "scipy/integrate/setup.py", line 10, in configuration
    blas_opt = get_info('blas_opt',notfound_action=2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py", line 320, in get_info
    return cl().get_info(notfound_action)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py", line 471, in get_info
    raise self.notfounderror(self.notfounderror.__doc__)
numpy.distutils.system_info.BlasNotFoundError: 
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
    the BLAS environment variable.

sudo python setup.py install --prefix=/usr/local # 安装到/usr/local

michael@michael-laptop-ubuntu:~/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1$ sudo python setup.py install --prefix=/usr/local
[sudo] password for michael: 
Running from scipy source directory.
blas_opt_info:
blas_mkl_info:
  libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in /usr/local/lib
  libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in /usr/lib
  libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/sse2
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/sse2
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_info:
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/sse2
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/sse2
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
  NOT AVAILABLE

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1423: UserWarning: 
    Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
    the ATLAS environment variable.
  warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_info:
  libraries blas not found in /usr/local/lib
  libraries blas not found in /usr/lib
  libraries blas not found in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
  NOT AVAILABLE

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1432: UserWarning: 
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
    the BLAS environment variable.
  warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_src_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1435: UserWarning: 
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
    Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
    the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
  warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 208, in <module>
    setup_package()
  File "setup.py", line 199, in setup_package
    configuration=configuration )
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
    config = configuration()
  File "setup.py", line 136, in configuration
    config.add_subpackage('scipy')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1002, in add_subpackage
    caller_level = 2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 971, in get_subpackage
    caller_level = caller_level + 1)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 908, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
    config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
  File "scipy/setup.py", line 8, in configuration
    config.add_subpackage('integrate')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1002, in add_subpackage
    caller_level = 2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 971, in get_subpackage
    caller_level = caller_level + 1)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 908, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
    config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
  File "scipy/integrate/setup.py", line 10, in configuration
    blas_opt = get_info('blas_opt',notfound_action=2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py", line 320, in get_info
    return cl().get_info(notfound_action)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py", line 471, in get_info
    raise self.notfounderror(self.notfounderror.__doc__)
numpy.distutils.system_info.BlasNotFoundError: 
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
    the BLAS environment variable.
Error in sys.excepthook:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook
    from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from apport.report import Report
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 18, in <module>
    import problem_report
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/problem_report.py", line 14, in <module>
    import zlib, base64, time, sys, gzip, struct, os
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/gzip.py", line 10, in <module>
    import io
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/io/__init__.py", line 83, in <module>
    from matlab import loadmat, savemat, byteordercodes
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/io/matlab/__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
    from mio import loadmat, savemat
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/io/matlab/mio.py", line 15, in <module>
    from mio4 import MatFile4Reader, MatFile4Writer
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/io/matlab/mio4.py", line 9, in <module>
    import scipy.sparse
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/__init__.py", line 180, in <module>
    from csr import *
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/csr.py", line 12, in <module>
    from sparsetools import csr_tocsc, csr_tobsr, csr_count_blocks, \
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/sparsetools/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from csr import *
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/sparsetools/csr.py", line 25, in <module>
    _csr = swig_import_helper()
  File "/home/michael/Downloads/scipy-0.11.0rc1/scipy/sparse/sparsetools/csr.py", line 17, in swig_import_helper
    import _csr
ImportError: No module named _csr

Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 208, in <module>
    setup_package()
  File "setup.py", line 199, in setup_package
    configuration=configuration )
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
    config = configuration()
  File "setup.py", line 136, in configuration
    config.add_subpackage('scipy')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1002, in add_subpackage
    caller_level = 2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 971, in get_subpackage
    caller_level = caller_level + 1)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 908, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
    config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
  File "scipy/setup.py", line 8, in configuration
    config.add_subpackage('integrate')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1002, in add_subpackage
    caller_level = 2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 971, in get_subpackage
    caller_level = caller_level + 1)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 908, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
    config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
  File "scipy/integrate/setup.py", line 10, in configuration
    blas_opt = get_info('blas_opt',notfound_action=2)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py", line 320, in get_info
    return cl().get_info(notfound_action)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/system_info.py", line 471, in get_info
    raise self.notfounderror(self.notfounderror.__doc__)
numpy.distutils.system_info.BlasNotFoundError: 
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
    the BLAS environment variable.

此外，如何测试此模块是否正确安装？

Answer 1

我通常的工作流程是使用virtualenv来拥有带有最新包的 Python 发行版。

在此环境中，您可以使用pip安装和更新您需要的所有软件包，而无需任何sudo调用。

因此，如果您只需要SciPy （和NumPy ），这将是：

$ sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv python-pip
$ sudo apt-get build-dep python-numpy python-scipy
$ # Create virtualenv in home
$ virtualenv .myenv
$ # Activate the virtualenv
$ source .myenv/bin/activate
(myenv)$ pip install -U numpy
(myenv)$ pip install -U scipy

（如果您没有 root 访问权限，您可以按照此处所述安装virtualenv和pip 。但是，您需要 NumPy 和 SciPy 的依赖项。）

您可以在.bash_profile包含source .myenv/bin/activate并且您的 shell 将始终以该环境开始。 如果您使用需求文件，则很容易在所有机器上安装和维护相同的环境。

Answer 2

有同样的问题。 以下对我有用：

sudo apt-get install libblas-dev
sudo apt-get install liblapack-dev
sudo apt-get install gfortran

Answer 3

您需要按照输出提示下载并安装Atlas 。 之后，重试 SciPy 安装。

其他选项是apt-get install旧版本。 这将自动安装所有依赖项； 然后手动安装较新的。 这将导致您的机器上有两个库，一个最有可能在/usr/share/pyshared下，另一个在/usr/local ，但您可以通过更改模块加载路径来确保加载了哪个库。

此外，如果您将省略--prefix=/usr/local ，在旧版本之上安装新版本时，它只会被覆盖并且不需要路径修改。

Answer 4

您正在尝试从源代码构建 SciPy。

如果您只想安装SciPy，请使用以下命令：

sudo apt-get install python-scipy

Answer 5

PyPM是安装它的好方法。 该版本是 beta 0.10.1，它包含所有依赖项。 您需要Active Python来访问 PyPM，但您应该能够轻松安装。

pypm install scipi

Answer 6

我遇到了与 OP 相同的问题（在Red Hat Linux 5.7 上对我来说；是的，我知道那是旧的）并且所有问题都通过安装 ATLAS 标头（和“静态库”，它说）通过以下方式解决：

 yum install atlas-devel

Answer 7

对于 Raspberry Pi 4 上的 Ubuntu 20.04，请使用以下命令：

sudo apt-get install libblas3 liblapack3 liblapack-dev libblas-dev gfortran libatlas-base-dev

然后使用 pip 安装最新的软件包。

pip install scipy

Answer 8

对于Fedora 20：

pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
mkvirtualenv scipy_project
sudo yum-buildep scipy
pip install scipy

我希望它有帮助！