[英]plot year over year on 12 month axis
我想要 plot 從 12 月到 1 月的一個 12 個月軸上的 6 年 12 個月期間數據。
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.Series(np.random.randn(72), index=pd.date_range('1/1/2000', periods=72, freq='M'))
# display(df.head())
2000-01-31 0.713724
2000-02-29 0.416233
2000-03-31 -0.147765
2000-04-30 0.141021
2000-05-31 0.966261
Freq: M, dtype: float64
grouped = df.groupby(df.index.map(lambda x: x.year))
grouped.plot()
我每年都在休息。 然而,我想做的是讓年份相互疊加。 有什么簡單干凈的方法嗎?
可能有一個比這更好的方法:
In [44]: vals = df.groupby(lambda x: (x.year, x.month)).sum()
In [45]: vals
Out[45]:
(2000, 1) -0.235044
(2000, 2) -1.196815
(2000, 3) -0.370850
(2000, 4) 0.719915
(2000, 5) -1.228286
(2000, 6) -0.192108
(2000, 7) -0.337032
(2000, 8) -0.174219
(2000, 9) 0.605742
(2000, 10) 1.061558
(2000, 11) -0.683674
(2000, 12) -0.813779
(2001, 1) 2.103178
(2001, 2) -1.099845
(2001, 3) 0.366811
...
(2004, 10) -0.905740
(2004, 11) -0.143628
(2004, 12) 2.166758
(2005, 1) 0.944993
(2005, 2) -0.741785
(2005, 3) 1.531754
(2005, 4) -1.106024
(2005, 5) -1.925078
(2005, 6) 0.400930
(2005, 7) 0.321962
(2005, 8) -0.851656
(2005, 9) 0.371305
(2005, 10) -0.868836
(2005, 11) -0.932977
(2005, 12) -0.530207
Length: 72, dtype: float64
現在改變指數vals
到MultiIndex
In [46]: vals.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(vals.index)
In [47]: vals.head()
Out[47]:
2000 1 -0.235044
2 -1.196815
3 -0.370850
4 0.719915
5 -1.228286
dtype: float64
然后拆散並繪圖:
In [48]: vals.unstack(0).plot()
Out[48]: <matplotlib.axes.AxesSubplot at 0x1171a2dd0>
pandas.DataFrame
而不是pandas.Series
,我認為它更清晰,更容易轉換。
pandas.Series
,但如果我們從pandas.DataFrame
開始,對於希望解決此問題的人來說它會更典型,所以我們將首先使用.to_frame()
datetime
時間索引的month
和year
部分。
datetime dtype
; 如果您的數據不是,請使用pd.to_datetime()
轉換日期索引/列.dt
訪問器獲取month
和year
(例如df[col].dt.year
或df.index.year
)pandas.pivot_table
將 dataframe 從長格式轉換為寬格式,並匯總數據(例如'sum'
、 'mean'
等)
'month'
沒有重復數據,則不需要聚合,則使用pandas.DataFrame.pivot
。pandas.DataFrame.plot
python 3.11
pandas 1.5.2
matplotlib 3.6.2
中測試import pandas as pd
# for this OP convert the Series to a DataFrame
df = df.to_frame()
# extract month and year from the index and create columns
df['month'] = df.index.month
df['year'] = df.index.year
# display(df.head(3))
0 month year
2000-01-31 0.167921 1 2000
2000-02-29 0.523505 2 2000
2000-03-31 0.817376 3 2000
# transform the dataframe to a wide format
dfp = pd.pivot_table(data=df, index='month', columns='year', values=0, aggfunc='sum')
# display(dfp.head(3))
year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
month
1 0.167921 0.637999 -0.174122 0.620622 -0.854315 -1.523579
2 0.523505 -0.344658 -0.280819 0.845543 0.782439 -0.593732
3 0.817376 -0.004282 -0.907424 0.352655 1.258275 -0.624112
# plot; us xticks=dfp.index so every month number is displayed
ax = dfp.plot(ylabel='Aggregated Sum', figsize=(6, 4), xticks=dfp.index)
# reposition the legend
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1.02), loc='upper left')
'month'
列:
df['month'] = df.index.strftime('%b')
,得到月份縮寫from calendar import month_abbr # this is a sorted list of month name abbreviations
# for this OP convert the Series to a DataFrame
df = df.to_frame()
# extract the month abbreviation
df['month'] = df.index.strftime('%b')
df['year'] = df.index.year
# transform
dfp = pd.pivot_table(data=df, index='month', columns='year', values=0, aggfunc='sum')
# the dfp index so the x-axis will be in order
dfp = dfp.loc[month_abbr[1:]]
# display(dfp.head(3))
year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
month
Jan 0.167921 0.637999 -0.174122 0.620622 -0.854315 -1.523579
Feb 0.523505 -0.344658 -0.280819 0.845543 0.782439 -0.593732
Mar 0.817376 -0.004282 -0.907424 0.352655 1.258275 -0.624112
# plot; using xticks=range(12) will result in all the xticks being labeled with a month, otherwise not all ticks will be displayed
ax = dfp.plot(ylabel='Aggregated Sum', figsize=(6, 4), xticks=range(12))
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1.02), loc='upper left')
ax = dfp.plot(kind='bar', ylabel='Aggregated Sum', figsize=(12, 4), rot=0)
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1.02), loc='upper left')
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