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Java中的旅行推銷員可視化(Swing)

[英]Travelling Salesman visualisation in Java (Swing)

出於練習目的,我挑戰自己編寫一個解決TSP並逐步可視化結果的程序。

到目前為止,我的程序使用了一個簡單的最近鄰居算法。 我希望我的程序具有靈活性,因此當我添加新算法時,它也將能夠可視化結果,而不會弄亂顯示邏輯。

我遇到的問題之一是-如何逐步顯示解決方案? 我通過創建多個局部解決方案,存儲它們並一個接一個地顯示來解決了該問題。 我覺得可以做得更好,但是我在圖形方面並不是很好,我希望能從中獲得一些線索。

這是一些代碼: Point類-代表城市。

class Point {
    private double x;
    private double y;

    public double getX() {
        return x;
    }
    public double getY() {
        return y;
    }

    public Point(double x, double y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    public Point(){
        Random r = new Random();
        x=r.nextInt(1000);
        y=r.nextInt(650);
    }

    public double calculateDistanceToPoint(Point p) {
        double dist = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(this.x-p.x, 2) + Math.pow(this.y-p.y, 2));
        return round(dist,2);
    }

    private static double round(double value, int places) {
        if (places < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();

        BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(value);
        bd = bd.setScale(places, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
        return bd.doubleValue();
    }
}

然后,進行計算的Solver類:

class Solver {
    //list of all points to visit
    private static ArrayList<Point> points = new ArrayList<>();

    //adjacency matrix
    private ArrayList<ArrayList<Double>> adjMatrix = new ArrayList<>();

    //found solution
    private static ArrayList<Point> solution = new ArrayList<>();

    //visited points
    private ArrayList<Integer> visitedPoints = new ArrayList<>();

    //used for visualisation
    private static Solution finalSolution = new Solution();

    public void clear() {
        points.clear();
        solution.clear();
        visitedPoints.clear();
        adjMatrix.clear();
        finalSolution.clear();
    }

    public void addPoint(Point p) {
        points.add(p);
    }

    public static ArrayList<Point> getPoints() {
        return Solver.points;
    }

    public void fillAdjacencyMatrix() {
        int iter_x;
        int iter_y;
        for (iter_x = 0; iter_x < points.size(); iter_x++) {
            ArrayList<Double> temp = new ArrayList<>();
            for (iter_y = 0; iter_y < points.size(); iter_y++) {
                if (iter_x == iter_y) {
                    temp.add(-1.0);
                } else {
                    temp.add(points.get(iter_x).calculateDistanceToPoint(points.get(iter_y)));
                }
            }
            adjMatrix.add(temp);
        }
    }

    private int getIndexOfMin(ArrayList<Double> arr) {
        Double min = Double.MAX_VALUE;
        int index = -2;
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
            Double val = arr.get(i);
            if (!(val == -1.0) && !visitedPoints.contains(i) && val < min) {
                min = val;
                index = i;
            }
        }
        return index;
    }

    public void solveUsingNN(int startingPoint) {
        int noOfVisited = 0;

        //find nearest point from the starting one
        int nearest = getIndexOfMin(adjMatrix.get(startingPoint));
        Solution sol = new Solution();

        //until we've visited all points
        while (noOfVisited!=points.size()) {
            //get next nearest point and add it to visited
            nearest = getIndexOfMin(adjMatrix.get(nearest));
            visitedPoints.add(nearest);

            //add this point to solution
            Point newPoint = points.get(nearest);
            solution.add(newPoint);

            //create a new frame for animation, containing all previous steps and recently added one
            SolutionStep ss = new SolutionStep();
            Point p;
            for (Point newPoint : solution) {
                p = new Point(newPoint.getX(), newPoint.getY());
                ss.addPoint(p);
            }
            sol.addStep(ss);
            noOfVisited++;
        }
        finalSolution=sol;
    }
}

然后, SolutionStep類:

class SolutionStep{
    public final ArrayList<Point> step = new ArrayList<>();
    public SolutionStep(){}

    public void addPoint(Point p){
        step.add(p);
    }
    public void draw(Graphics g) {
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
            for (int i = 0; i < step.size()-1; i++) {
                g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(step.get(i).getX(), step.get(i).getY(), step.get(i + 1).getX(), step.get(i + 1).getY()));
        }
    }
}

Solution ,其中包含許多步驟。

public class Solution {
    private ArrayList<Point> points = new ArrayList<>();
    private static ArrayList<SolutionStep> playbackSolution = new ArrayList<>();
    private int noOfFrames;

    public Solution(ArrayList<SolutionStep> listOfSteps, int noOfFrames){
        this.noOfFrames=noOfFrames;
        playbackSolution=listOfSteps;
    }
    public Solution(){}

    public static ArrayList<SolutionStep> getPlayback(){
        return playbackSolution;
    }
    public void clear(){
        playbackSolution.clear();
    }

    public void addStep(SolutionStep solutionStep){
        playbackSolution.add(solutionStep);
    }

    public void draw(Graphics g) {
        int numberOfPoints;
        points = Solver.getPoints();
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
        //draw all points
        for (Point point : points) {
            g2.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(point.getX(), point.getY(), 6, 6));
        }

        //draw next line
        for(int i = 0;i<noOfFrames;i++) {
            playbackSolution.get(i).draw(g);
        }

        //if we are at the final solution, draw a line from last point to the first
        if (noOfFrames == points.size()){
            numberOfPoints = points.size();
            Point first = playbackSolution.get(0).step.get(0);
            Point last = playbackSolution.get(numberOfPoints-1).step.get(numberOfPoints-1);
            g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(first.getX(), first.getY(), last.getX(), last.getY()));
        }
    }
}

最后, Visualisation

class Visualisation extends JFrame {
    private DrawingPanel contentPane;
    private int noOfPoints = 10;
    private int delay_time = 300;

    public Visualisation() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 1100, 700);
        contentPane = new DrawingPanel();
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        JButton start = new JButton("Start");
        start.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                Solver s = new Solver();
                s.clear();
                contentPane.displayNoOfSteps = 0;
                for (int i=0;i<noOfPoints;i++) {
                    s.addPoint(new Point());
                }
                s.fillAdjacencyMatrix();
                s.solveUsingNN(0);
                new javax.swing.Timer(delay_time, new ActionListener(){
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
                            contentPane.repaint();
                    }
                }).start();
                contentPane.repaint();
            }
        });
        contentPane.add(start);
    }
}

DrawingPanel

class DrawingPanel extends JPanel{
    public int displayNoOfSteps = 1;

    DrawingPanel(){}
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        Solution sol = new Solution(Solution.getPlayback(),displayNoOfSteps);
        sol.draw(g);

        if (displayNoOfSteps< Solution.getPlayback().size())
        displayNoOfSteps++;
        }
    }

主班:

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Visualisation frame = new Visualisation();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
} 
  1. 現在,在Visualisation類中,我有一個Timer 該計時器每隔delay_time ms調用DrawingPanel上的repaint() ,並在每次迭代中增加要顯示的步驟數。 問題是,如果我運行一個仿真,然后再次Start ,則仿真運行得更快,並且在運行幾次之后,它幾乎立即顯示了最后一步。 我不知道怎么了 我該如何處理?

  2. 我在程序啟動時遇到錯誤-

    at Solution.draw(Solution.java:57)

    at DrawingPanel.paintComponent(Visualisation.java:53)

指的是行:

playbackSolution.get(i).draw(g);

sol.draw(g);

但是我還沒畫任何東西! repaint()JButtonActionListener中。 或者,也許繪制JButton調用draw()嗎? 我如何擺脫這個問題?

  1. 另外,我覺得我使用了太多的靜態字段和方法,但是,另一方面,最好創建例如Solver實例,然后使用非靜態方法來獲取解決方案? 還是讓Solver成為單身人士? 無論如何,只有一個實例。

  2. 如前所述,在編寫更復雜的算法(例如模擬退火)之前,我希望獲得有關此代碼的一些反饋,因此很容易保持良好的代碼質量。 我可以在此代碼中進行哪些更改,以使其更易於添加新功能?

擁有維護相當大的Java Swing應用程序的經驗,我永遠不會自願致力於在Swing中做一些新的事情。

我認為通過使用第三方工具來可視化圖形可以很好地解決此特定問題。 Graphviz是一個選項,但還有其他幾種工具。 在這里查看更多示例。

您要做的只是以可視化工具的表示法生成圖形。 您可以使用節點名稱顯示Salesman采取的路徑:1、2、3等。

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