Pygame-TypeError：缺少1個必需的位置參數

Question

我正在開發游戲，並且我不斷遇到這個錯誤。 我似乎無法解決。 我認為問題出在底部的“ main”函數或“ Level”和“ Level01”類中。 如果您發現有一種方法可以改善我的代碼，那么您也可以告訴我，因為我只是在學習如何使用OOP構建游戲。

 File "C:/Users/fabma/Documents/PythonGames/RPG/Scroller!.py", line 148, in main
currentLevel.drawer(display)
TypeError: drawer() missing 1 required positional argument: 'display1'

這是我的代碼：

import pygame
# Colours + Global constants
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
WIDTH = 800
HEIGHT = 600
SIZE = (WIDTH, HEIGHT)
# CLASSES
# Block is the common platform


class Block(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, length, height, colour):
        super().__init__()
        # Making image
        self.image = pygame.Surface([length, height])
        self.image.fill(colour)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        # Setting Y coordinates
        self.rect.y = HEIGHT * 0.95


class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        # Is it touching the floor?
        self.velocity = 0
        self.standing = True
        # Rendering image and creating some variables
        self.height = 40
        self.length = 40
        self.sprite_x_change = 0
        self.sprite_y_change = 0
        self.image = pygame.Surface([self.height, self.length])
        self.image.fill(GREEN)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.y = HEIGHT * 0.884
        self.level = None
    # Mobility: Left, right, up and stop
    def move_right(self):
        self.sprite_x_change = 15

    def move_left(self):
        self.sprite_x_change = -15

    def move_up(self, platform):
        # Seeing if we hit anything if so then we can jump!
        self.rect.y -= 2
        hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, platform, False)
        if len(hit_list) > 0 or self.rect.bottom >= HEIGHT - Block.height:
            self.change_y = -10

    def stop(self):
        self.sprite_x_change = 0

    def updater(self):
        self.gravity()
        platforms_hit = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.level.platforms, False)
        for blocks in platforms_hit:
            self.sprite_y_change = 0
            # Going down
            if self.sprite_y_change > 0:
                self.rect.bottom = blocks.rect.top
                self.velocity = 0
                self.standing = True
            # Going up
            if self.sprite_y_change < 0:
                self.rect.top = blocks.rect.bottom
                self.standing = False
            if self.sprite_x_change > 0:
                self.rect.right = blocks.rect.left
            if self.sprite_x_change < 0:
                self.rect.left = blocks.rect.right
            if self.sprite_x_change == 0 and self.sprite_y_change == 0:
                self.rect.y = HEIGHT * 0.884

        if self.standing == False:
            self.velocity += 1
        self.rect.x += self.sprite_x_change
        self.rect.y += self.sprite_y_change

    def gravity(self):
        self.sprite_y_change += 0.980665*self.velocity


class Level:
    def __init__(self):
        # Creating groups
        self.sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.all_things = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.platforms = pygame.sprite.Group()

    def drawer(self, display1):
        display1.fill(BLUE)
        self.all_things.draw(display1)


class Level01(Level):
    def __init__(self, player1):
        # Initialise level1
        Level.__init__(self)
        # Level01 things
        block = Block(WIDTH, HEIGHT * 0.05, RED)
        Level.all_things = self.all_things
        self.sprites.add(player1)
        self.platforms.add(block)
        self.all_things.add(player1, block)


def main():
    # Init pygame
    pygame.init()
    # Set screen
    display = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
    # Creating FPS thingy
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    # Making levels  + Player
    player = Player()
    level_1 = Level01(player)
    # Choosing level
    levelList = []
    levelList.append(Level01)
    currentLevelNumber = 0
    currentLevel = levelList[currentLevelNumber]
    # Game loop
    loop = True
    while loop == True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                        player.move_right()
                    if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                        player.move_left()
                    if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                        player.move_up(currentLevel.platforms)

            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT and player.sprite_x_change < 0:
                    player.stop()
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT and player.sprite_x_change > 0:
                    player.stop()
        # Update things
        currentLevel.all_things.update()
        currentLevel.drawer(display)
        # Refresh screen
        clock.tick(30)
        pygame.display.update()
    pygame.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Answer 1

您需要創建關卡的實例，而不僅僅是將類本身添加到列表中：

levelList.append(Level01)

應該...

levelList.append(level_1)

---

就目前而言，您使用的是類對象而不是其實例，這意味着您傳遞的display內容已被放入self參數中（因為該類對象不會傳遞實例，因為它不會一）。 在類的實例上調用它之后， self參數將被自動傳遞，因此您的display參數將被傳遞到正確的位置。