Pygame - TypeError: Missing 1 required positional argument

Question

I am building a game and I keep on running up against this error. I can't seem to fix it. I believe the problem is either in the function "main" at the bottom or in the classes "Level" and "Level01". If you find there is a way I can improve my code can you also tell me as I am just learning how to build games with OOP.

 File "C:/Users/fabma/Documents/PythonGames/RPG/Scroller!.py", line 148, in main
currentLevel.drawer(display)
TypeError: drawer() missing 1 required positional argument: 'display1'

Here is my code:

import pygame
# Colours + Global constants
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
WIDTH = 800
HEIGHT = 600
SIZE = (WIDTH, HEIGHT)
# CLASSES
# Block is the common platform


class Block(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, length, height, colour):
        super().__init__()
        # Making image
        self.image = pygame.Surface([length, height])
        self.image.fill(colour)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        # Setting Y coordinates
        self.rect.y = HEIGHT * 0.95


class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        # Is it touching the floor?
        self.velocity = 0
        self.standing = True
        # Rendering image and creating some variables
        self.height = 40
        self.length = 40
        self.sprite_x_change = 0
        self.sprite_y_change = 0
        self.image = pygame.Surface([self.height, self.length])
        self.image.fill(GREEN)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.y = HEIGHT * 0.884
        self.level = None
    # Mobility: Left, right, up and stop
    def move_right(self):
        self.sprite_x_change = 15

    def move_left(self):
        self.sprite_x_change = -15

    def move_up(self, platform):
        # Seeing if we hit anything if so then we can jump!
        self.rect.y -= 2
        hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, platform, False)
        if len(hit_list) > 0 or self.rect.bottom >= HEIGHT - Block.height:
            self.change_y = -10

    def stop(self):
        self.sprite_x_change = 0

    def updater(self):
        self.gravity()
        platforms_hit = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.level.platforms, False)
        for blocks in platforms_hit:
            self.sprite_y_change = 0
            # Going down
            if self.sprite_y_change > 0:
                self.rect.bottom = blocks.rect.top
                self.velocity = 0
                self.standing = True
            # Going up
            if self.sprite_y_change < 0:
                self.rect.top = blocks.rect.bottom
                self.standing = False
            if self.sprite_x_change > 0:
                self.rect.right = blocks.rect.left
            if self.sprite_x_change < 0:
                self.rect.left = blocks.rect.right
            if self.sprite_x_change == 0 and self.sprite_y_change == 0:
                self.rect.y = HEIGHT * 0.884

        if self.standing == False:
            self.velocity += 1
        self.rect.x += self.sprite_x_change
        self.rect.y += self.sprite_y_change

    def gravity(self):
        self.sprite_y_change += 0.980665*self.velocity


class Level:
    def __init__(self):
        # Creating groups
        self.sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.all_things = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.platforms = pygame.sprite.Group()

    def drawer(self, display1):
        display1.fill(BLUE)
        self.all_things.draw(display1)


class Level01(Level):
    def __init__(self, player1):
        # Initialise level1
        Level.__init__(self)
        # Level01 things
        block = Block(WIDTH, HEIGHT * 0.05, RED)
        Level.all_things = self.all_things
        self.sprites.add(player1)
        self.platforms.add(block)
        self.all_things.add(player1, block)


def main():
    # Init pygame
    pygame.init()
    # Set screen
    display = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
    # Creating FPS thingy
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    # Making levels  + Player
    player = Player()
    level_1 = Level01(player)
    # Choosing level
    levelList = []
    levelList.append(Level01)
    currentLevelNumber = 0
    currentLevel = levelList[currentLevelNumber]
    # Game loop
    loop = True
    while loop == True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                        player.move_right()
                    if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                        player.move_left()
                    if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                        player.move_up(currentLevel.platforms)

            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT and player.sprite_x_change < 0:
                    player.stop()
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT and player.sprite_x_change > 0:
                    player.stop()
        # Update things
        currentLevel.all_things.update()
        currentLevel.drawer(display)
        # Refresh screen
        clock.tick(30)
        pygame.display.update()
    pygame.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Answer 1

You need to create an instance of your level rather than just appending the class itself into your list:

levelList.append(Level01)

should be...

levelList.append(level_1)

---

As it stands, you're using the class object rather than an instance of it, which means that the display you're passing is getting put into the self argument (because the class object won't pass along an instance, because it's not one). Once you're calling it on an instance of the class, the self argument will be automatically passed and thus your display argument will get passed to the correct spot.