為 scipy 安裝 BLAS 和 LAPACK 的最簡單方法是什么？

Question

我想運行一個別人已經准備好的程序，它包括 scipy。 我試圖安裝 scipy

pip install scipy

但它給了我一個很長的錯誤。 我知道 Anaconda 和 Canopy 有很多方法，但我認為這些方法很長。 我想要一條捷徑。 我也試過

G:\determinator_Oskar>pip install scipy
Collecting scipy
  Using cached scipy-0.16.1.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: scipy
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for scipy
  Complete output from command g:\myve\scripts\python.exe -c "import setuptools;
__file__='e:\\temp_n~1\\pip-build-1xigxu\\scipy\\setup.py';exec(compile(open(__f
ile__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d e:\temp_
n~1\tmp07__zrpip-wheel-:
  lapack_opt_info:
  openblas_lapack_info:
    libraries openblas not found in ['g:\\myve\\lib', 'C:\\']
    NOT AVAILABLE

  lapack_mkl_info:
  mkl_info:
    libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['g:\\myve\\lib', 'C:\\']
    NOT AVAILABLE

    NOT AVAILABLE

  atlas_3_10_threads_info:
  Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
    libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in g:\myve\lib
    libraries lapack_atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
    libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
    libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
  <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
    NOT AVAILABLE

  atlas_3_10_info:
    libraries satlas,satlas not found in g:\myve\lib
    libraries lapack_atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
    libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
    libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
  <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
    NOT AVAILABLE

  atlas_threads_info:
  Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
    libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
    libraries lapack_atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
    libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
    libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
  <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
    NOT AVAILABLE

  atlas_info:
    libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
    libraries lapack_atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
    libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
    libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
  <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
    NOT AVAILABLE

  lapack_info:
    libraries lapack not found in ['g:\\myve\\lib', 'C:\\']
    NOT AVAILABLE

  lapack_src_info:
    NOT AVAILABLE

    NOT AVAILABLE

  g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1552: UserWarning:
      Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
      Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
      numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
      the ATLAS environment variable.
    warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
  g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1563: UserWarning:
      Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
      Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
      numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
      the LAPACK environment variable.
    warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)
  g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1566: UserWarning:
      Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
      Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
      numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
      the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
    warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
  Running from scipy source directory.
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "e:\temp_n~1\pip-build-1xigxu\scipy\setup.py", line 253, in <module>
      setup_package()
    File "e:\temp_n~1\pip-build-1xigxu\scipy\setup.py", line 250, in setup_packa
ge
      setup(**metadata)
    File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 135, in setup

      config = configuration()
    File "e:\temp_n~1\pip-build-1xigxu\scipy\setup.py", line 175, in configurati
on
      config.add_subpackage('scipy')
    File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 1001, in
 add_subpackage
      caller_level = 2)
    File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 970, in
get_subpackage
      caller_level = caller_level + 1)
    File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 907, in
_get_configuration_from_setup_py
      config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
    File "scipy\setup.py", line 15, in configuration
      config.add_subpackage('linalg')
    File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 1001, in
 add_subpackage
      caller_level = 2)
    File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 970, in
get_subpackage
      caller_level = caller_level + 1)
    File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 907, in
_get_configuration_from_setup_py
      config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
    File "scipy\linalg\setup.py", line 20, in configuration
      raise NotFoundError('no lapack/blas resources found')
  numpy.distutils.system_info.NotFoundError: no lapack/blas resources found

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for scipy
Failed to build scipy
Installing collected packages: scipy
  Running setup.py install for scipy
    Complete output from command g:\myve\scripts\python.exe -c "import setuptool
s, tokenize;__file__='e:\\temp_n~1\\pip-build-1xigxu\\scipy\\setup.py';exec(comp
ile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __fi
le__, 'exec'))" install --record e:\temp_n~1\pip-3hncqr-record\install-record.tx
t --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers g:\myve\includ
e\site\python2.7\scipy:
    lapack_opt_info:
    openblas_lapack_info:
      libraries openblas not found in ['g:\\myve\\lib', 'C:\\']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    lapack_mkl_info:
    mkl_info:
      libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['g:\\myve\\lib', 'C:\\']
      NOT AVAILABLE

      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in g:\myve\lib
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
      libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_info:
      libraries satlas,satlas not found in g:\myve\lib
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
      libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_info:
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in g:\myve\lib
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    lapack_info:
      libraries lapack not found in ['g:\\myve\\lib', 'C:\\']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    lapack_src_info:
      NOT AVAILABLE

      NOT AVAILABLE

    g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1552: UserWarning:
        Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
        the ATLAS environment variable.
      warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
    g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1563: UserWarning:
        Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
        the LAPACK environment variable.
      warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)
    g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1566: UserWarning:
        Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
        Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
        the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
      warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
    Running from scipy source directory.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "e:\temp_n~1\pip-build-1xigxu\scipy\setup.py", line 253, in <module>
        setup_package()
      File "e:\temp_n~1\pip-build-1xigxu\scipy\setup.py", line 250, in setup_pac
kage
        setup(**metadata)
      File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 135, in set
up
        config = configuration()
      File "e:\temp_n~1\pip-build-1xigxu\scipy\setup.py", line 175, in configura
tion
        config.add_subpackage('scipy')
      File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 1001,
in add_subpackage
        caller_level = 2)
      File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 970, i
n get_subpackage
        caller_level = caller_level + 1)
      File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 907, i
n _get_configuration_from_setup_py
        config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
      File "scipy\setup.py", line 15, in configuration
        config.add_subpackage('linalg')
      File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 1001,
in add_subpackage
        caller_level = 2)
      File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 970, i
n get_subpackage
        caller_level = caller_level + 1)
      File "g:\myve\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 907, i
n _get_configuration_from_setup_py
        config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
      File "scipy\linalg\setup.py", line 20, in configuration
        raise NotFoundError('no lapack/blas resources found')
    numpy.distutils.system_info.NotFoundError: no lapack/blas resources found

    ----------------------------------------
Command "g:\myve\scripts\python.exe -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='e:
\\temp_n~1\\pip-build-1xigxu\\scipy\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'o
pen', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install
--record e:\temp_n~1\pip-3hncqr-record\install-record.txt --single-version-exter
nally-managed --compile --install-headers g:\myve\include\site\python2.7\scipy"
failed with error code 1 in e:\temp_n~1\pip-build-1xigxu\scipy      

我也試過

pip install lapack

有了這個結果

Collecting lapack
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement lapack (from versions
 )
No matching distribution found for lapack

我也試過

pip install blas

結果相似

G:\determinator_Oskar>pip install blas
Collecting blas
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement blas (from versions: )

No matching distribution found for blas

為什么 scipy 變得如此復雜？

Answer 1

對於Debian Jessie和Stretch，安裝以下軟件包可解決此問題：

sudo apt install libblas3 liblapack3 liblapack-dev libblas-dev

---

您的下一個問題很可能是缺少 Fortran 編譯器，請通過如下安裝來解決此問題：

sudo apt install gfortran

---

如果你想要一個優化的 scipy，你還可以安裝可選的libatlas-base-dev包：

sudo apt install libatlas-base-dev

來源

---

如果您對缺少的 Python.h 文件有任何問題，如下所示：

Python.h：沒有這樣的文件或目錄

然后看看這個帖子： https : //stackoverflow.com/a/21530768/209532

Answer 2

SciPy 安裝頁面已經推薦了幾種安裝 Python 的方法，其中 SciPy 已經包含在內，例如WinPython 。

另一種方法是使用輪子（內置包格式）：

pip install SomePackage-1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

您可以在以下位置找到車輪包： http : //www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

對於 SciPy，您需要：

• NumPy 輪包
• 和SciPy 輪包

Answer 3

“為什么 scipy 會變得如此復雜？

它變得如此復雜，因為 Python 的包管理系統是為跟蹤 Python 包依賴關系而構建的，而 SciPy 和其他科學工具的依賴關系超出了 Python。 Wheels解決了部分問題，但我的經驗是pip / virtualenv等工具不足以安裝和管理科學的 Python 堆棧。

如果您想要一種簡單的方法來啟動和運行 SciPy，我強烈建議您使用Anaconda 發行版。 它將為您提供在 Python 中進行科學計算所需的一切。

如果您想要一種“簡短的方式”來執行此操作（我將其解釋為“我不想安裝大型發行版”），您可以嘗試使用miniconda ，然后運行conda install scipy 。

Answer 4

對於 Ubuntu/Debian， chjortlund 的回答總是很好，但並不完美，因為這樣你會得到一個未優化的 BLAS 庫。 你只需要做：

sudo apt install libatlas-base-dev

瞧！

來源

Answer 5

使用 conda install scipy 而不是 pip 為我解決了這個問題！

Answer 6

對於 Windows：最好使用以下站點提供的預編譯包： http : //www.lfd.uci.edu/%7Egohlke/pythonlibs/#scipy

Answer 7

為完整起見，盡管鑒於您的特定設置（外部程序 + Windows），這可能無法正常工作，但作為（大型） SageMath下載的一部分，您也可以輕松獲得 Scipy。

Answer 8

要么使用SciPy whl ，下載適當的並運行pip install <whl_file>

或者

通讀SciPy Windows 問題並運行其中一種方法。

或者

使用Miniconda 。

此外，如果需要，請 為 python2.7安裝Visual C++ 編譯器。

Answer 9

我在 freeBSD 上遇到了這個問題。 似乎缺少 lapack 軟件包，我解決了安裝它們（以 root 身份）的問題：

pkg install lapack
pkg install atlas-devel  #not sure this is needed, but just in case

我想它也可以使用適當的軟件包安裝程序（例如 apt-get）在其他系統上工作

Answer 10

pip install Cython

前

pip install sklearn

幫我解決了這個問題。

Answer 11

conda install liblapack

這對我有用