[英]Global variable declaration + Unbound Error: local variable referenced before assignment?
[英]Unbound error, local variable referenced before assignment
我正在做一個小型的文字游戲,很有趣。 我想使用位於我創建的稱為Functionala的功能文件中的功能。
有問題的函數attack()
無效,程序因錯誤而崩潰:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\seanm\Desktop\Programming\The mists of Alandria\Mists_of_alandria.py", line 22, in <module>
functionala2.attack()
File "C:\Users\seanm\Desktop\Programming\The mists of Alandria\functionala2.py", line 27, in attack
variablestamina += 2
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'variablestamina' referenced before assignment
Functionala文件的新版本和改進版本似乎是導致此問題的原因:
variablestamina = 20
variablehealth = 40
variablemonsterhealth = 30
variableattacktype1 = ("Lightattack")
variableattacktype2 = ("Mediumattack")
variableattacktype3 = ("Heavyattack")
def attack():
variableattackquery = input("You can execute three types of attacks. Lightattack does 2 damage and takes no stamina. Mediumattack does 4 damage and takes 2 stamina. Heavyattack does 7 damage and takes 5 stamina. You can only do one per turn: ")
if variableattackquery == variableattacktype1:
variablemonsterhealth -= 2
variablestamina -= 2
if variableattackquery == variableattacktype2:
variablemonsterhealth -= 4
variablestamina -= 4
if variableattackquery == variableattacktype3:
variablemonsterhealth -= 7
variablestamina -= 7
variablestamina += 2
variablestamina = min(20, variablestamina)
print ("The "+monster+" has "+str(variablemonsterhealth)+" health left")
print ("You have "+str(variablestamina)+" stamina left")
monsterattack = random.randrange(4,6)
variablehealth -= monsterattack
print ("The "+monster+" attacks you for "+str(monsterattack))
print ("You have "+str(variablehealth)+" health left")
print()
這似乎是一種更干凈的方法,全部都在一個文件中。 您可能想看看使用類。
從控制台中,調用game()
即可開始游戲。 當怪物或您的生命值小於等於0時,游戲將結束。
碼:
from random import randrange
def game():
stamina = 20
health = 40
monsterhealth = 30
monster = 'orc'
attacks = {'light':(-2,0),'medium':(-4,-2),'heavy':(-7,-4)}
while True:
a = input('you can execute 3 types of attacks, light, medium or heavy... pick one.')
a = a.lower().strip()
if a in attacks:
stamina, health, monsterhealth = attack(stamina, health, monsterhealth, monster, attacks[a])
if stamina <= 0:
print 'you have died...'
break
elif monsterhealth <= 0:
print 'the {} has died...'.format(monster)
break
else:
break
def attack(stamina, health, monsterhealth, monster, att):
monsterhealth += att[0]
stamina += att[1]
stamina = min(20, stamina)
print('the {} has {} health remaining'.format(monster,monsterhealth))
print('you have {} stamina remaining'.format(stamina))
ma = randrange(4,6)
health -= ma
print('the {} attacks you for {}'.format(monster,ma))
print('you have {} health left'.format(health))
return stamina, health, monsterhealth
注意:即使在單個文件中執行此操作,也需要將變量的作用域限定在“主要”過程( game
)中,然后將其傳遞給attack
函數。 否則,引用這些名稱將引發相同的錯誤,您可以像這樣重現該錯誤:
m = 1
def foo():
m += 1 '## m doesn't exist within scope of foo, so it will raise the same error
但是,這可能會造成混淆,以下內容不會引發錯誤:
m = 1
def foo():
print m
這也不會:
m = 1
def foo():
a = m
print a
但是,這兩種方法似乎都是很不禮貌的,通常最好將值從主過程傳遞給被調用的函數/方法/ etc,然后將適當的值返回給調用者。
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