[英]Sort Algorithm Visualization: How to pull values to animate the canvas, from inside a tight loop
我正在使用tkinter使用不同條形的高度來可視化不同排序算法。 我已經能夠重新整理酒吧,並在得到一些幫助后對其進行排序。 我現在遇到的問題是減慢條形的排序速度,因此可以看出每種算法的工作原理。 這是我到目前為止的內容:
import tkinter as tk
import random
def swap_two_pos(pos_0, pos_1):
Bar1x1, _, Bar1x2, _ = canvas.coords(pos_0)
Bar2x1, _, Bar2x2, _ = canvas.coords(pos_1)
canvas.move(pos_0, Bar2x1-Bar1x1, 0)
canvas.move(pos_1, Bar1x2-Bar2x2, 0)
def insertion_sort():
global barList
global lengthList
for i in range(len(lengthList)):
cursor = lengthList[i]
cursorBar = barList[i]
pos = i
while pos > 0 and lengthList[pos - 1] > cursor:
lengthList[pos] = lengthList[pos - 1]
barList[pos], barList[pos - 1] = barList[pos - 1], barList[pos]
canvas.after(1000,swap_two_pos(barList[pos],barList[pos-1]))
pos -= 1
lengthList[pos] = cursor
barList[pos] = cursorBar
swap_two_pos(barList[pos],cursorBar)
def shuffle():
global barList
global lengthList
canvas.delete('all')
xstart = 5
xend = 15
barList = []
lengthList = []
for x in range(1,60):
randomY = random.randint(1,390)
x = canvas.create_rectangle(xstart,randomY,xend,395, fill='red')
barList.append(x)
xstart += 10
xend += 10
for bar in barList:
x = canvas.coords(bar)
length = x[3]-x[1]
lengthList.append(length)
for i in range(len(lengthList)-1):
if lengthList[i] == min(lengthList):
canvas.itemconfig(barList[i], fill='blue')
elif lengthList[i] == max(lengthList):
canvas.itemconfig(barList[i], fill='green')
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('Sorting')
window.geometry('600x435')
canvas = tk.Canvas(window, width='600', height='400')
canvas.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 50)
insert = tk.Button(window, text='Insertion Sort', command=insertion_sort)
shuf = tk.Button(window, text='Shuffle', command=shuffle)
insert.grid(column=1,row=1)
shuf.grid(column=0, row=1)
shuffle()
window.mainloop()
如您所見,我嘗試在插入排序函數中使用after()
方法,但是它所做的只是凍結窗口並使其不響應。 如果沒有該方法,它將無法正常工作,只是步伐不明顯。
利用生成器函數(關鍵字yield
),您可以暫停代碼中間循環的執行,以花時間顯示已更改的畫布元素,更新計算等,然后在調用生成器中的next
時恢復執行反復,直到排序完成。
我在代碼中添加了一些注釋,但是最好的方法可能是盯着它,直到您確信自己可以按預期工作為止。 這是您需要了解的一種模式,因為它對構造您想要構建的動畫非常有用。
import tkinter as tk
import random
def swap_two_pos(pos_0, pos_1):
Bar1x1, _, Bar1x2, _ = canvas.coords(pos_0)
Bar2x1, _, Bar2x2, _ = canvas.coords(pos_1)
canvas.move(pos_0, Bar2x1-Bar1x1, 0)
canvas.move(pos_1, Bar1x2-Bar2x2, 0)
def _insertion_sort():
global barList
global lengthList
for i in range(len(lengthList)):
cursor = lengthList[i]
cursorBar = barList[i]
pos = i
while pos > 0 and lengthList[pos - 1] > cursor:
lengthList[pos] = lengthList[pos - 1]
barList[pos], barList[pos - 1] = barList[pos - 1], barList[pos]
swap_two_pos(barList[pos],barList[pos-1]) # <-- updates the display
yield # <-- suspends the execution
pos -= 1 # <-- execution resumes here when next is called
lengthList[pos] = cursor
barList[pos] = cursorBar
swap_two_pos(barList[pos],cursorBar)
worker = None # <-- Not a thread in spite of the name.
def insertion_sort(): # <-- commands the start of both the animation, and the sort
global worker
worker = _insertion_sort()
animate()
def animate(): # <-- commands resuming the sort once the display has been updated
# controls the pace of the animation
global worker
if worker is not None:
try:
next(worker)
window.after(10, animate) # <-- repeats until the sort is complete,
except StopIteration: # when the generator is exhausted
worker = None
finally:
window.after_cancel(animate) # <-- stop the callbacks
def shuffle():
global barList
global lengthList
canvas.delete('all')
xstart = 5
xend = 15
barList = []
lengthList = []
for x in range(1, 60):
randomY = random.randint(1, 390)
x = canvas.create_rectangle(xstart, randomY, xend, 395, fill='red')
barList.append(x)
xstart += 10
xend += 10
for bar in barList:
x = canvas.coords(bar)
length = x[3] - x[1]
lengthList.append(length)
for i in range(len(lengthList)-1):
if lengthList[i] == min(lengthList):
canvas.itemconfig(barList[i], fill='blue')
elif lengthList[i] == max(lengthList):
canvas.itemconfig(barList[i], fill='green')
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('Sorting')
window.geometry('600x435')
canvas = tk.Canvas(window, width='600', height='400')
canvas.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 50)
insert = tk.Button(window, text='Insertion Sort', command=insertion_sort)
shuf = tk.Button(window, text='Shuffle', command=shuffle)
insert.grid(column=1,row=1)
shuf.grid(column=0, row=1)
shuffle()
window.mainloop()
耗時的函數是“ swap_two_pos()”,這是災難性的,您需要在每個循環中運行它,您應該做的是完成排序,然后重新繪制條形圖,下面是修改后的代碼,不凍結GUI,添加了一個函數,並刪除了它swap_two_pos()”功能。
import tkinter as tk
import random
def insertion_sort():
global barList
global lengthList
for i in range(len(lengthList)):
cursor = lengthList[i]
cursorBar = barList[i]
pos = i
while pos > 0 and lengthList[pos - 1] > cursor:
lengthList[pos] = lengthList[pos - 1]
barList[pos], barList[pos - 1] = barList[pos - 1], barList[pos]
# canvas.after(1000,swap_two_pos(barList[pos],barList[pos-1]))
pos -= 1
lengthList[pos] = cursor
barList[pos] = cursorBar
refresh()
# swap_two_pos(barList[pos],cursorBar)
def refresh():
canvas.delete('all')
xstart = 5
xend = 15
for i, length in enumerate(lengthList): #range(1,60):
y = random.randint(1,390)
x = canvas.create_rectangle(xstart,length,xend,395, fill='red')
barList.append(x)
xstart += 10
xend += 10
def shuffle():
global barList
global lengthList
canvas.delete('all')
xstart = 5
xend = 15
barList = []
lengthList = []
for x in range(1,60):
randomY = random.randint(1,390)
x = canvas.create_rectangle(xstart,randomY,xend,395, fill='red')
barList.append(x)
xstart += 10
xend += 10
for bar in barList:
x = canvas.coords(bar)
length = x[3]-x[1]
lengthList.append(length)
for i in range(len(lengthList)-1):
if lengthList[i] == min(lengthList):
canvas.itemconfig(barList[i], fill='blue')
elif lengthList[i] == max(lengthList):
canvas.itemconfig(barList[i], fill='green')
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('Sorting')
window.geometry('600x435')
canvas = tk.Canvas(window, width='600', height='400')
canvas.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 50)
insert = tk.Button(window, text='Insertion Sort', command=insertion_sort)
shuf = tk.Button(window, text='Shuffle', command=shuffle)
insert.grid(column=1,row=1)
shuf.grid(column=0, row=1)
shuffle()
window.mainloop()
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