我無法安裝 mlrose package

Question

每當我 pip 安裝 mlrose 時，它都會向我顯示以下錯誤。 我是機器學習的新手，因此將不勝感激。

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17134.1069] (c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。 版權所有。

C:\Users\admin>pip install mlrose

Collecting mlrose
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0d/f8/79e77a40f6e8988e3ecc9ead8a28024ee43df9c99fce2209037c9e6f9e4a/mlrose-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: scipy in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages (from mlrose) (1.3.2)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages (from mlrose) (1.17.4)
Processing c:\users\admin\appdata\local\pip\cache\wheels\76\03\bb\589d421d27431bcd2c6da284d5f2286c8e3b2ea3cf1594c074\sklearn-0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting scikit-learn
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/ce/9d8c88e68af0a5b5c5d78d8d2b7bcadfd45e1d6afc863ccb9aee30765b06/scikit-learn-0.21.3.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: joblib>=0.11 in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages (from scikit-learn->sklearn->mlrose) (0.14.0)
Building wheels for collected packages: scikit-learn
  Building wheel for scikit-learn (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Wondershare\\CreatorTemp\\pip-install-8ooeas1k\\scikit-learn\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Wondershare\\CreatorTemp\\pip-install-8ooeas1k\\scikit-learn\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d 'C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-wheel-jm5hdzgz' --python-tag cp38
       cwd: C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\
  Complete output (37 lines):
  Partial import of sklearn during the build process.
  No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\setup.py", line 290, in <module>
      setup_package()
    File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\setup.py", line 286, in setup_package
      setup(**metadata)
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 137, in setup
      config = configuration()
    File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\setup.py", line 174, in configuration
      config.add_subpackage('sklearn')
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 1033, in add_subpackage
      config_list = self.get_subpackage(subpackage_name, subpackage_path,
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 999, in get_subpackage
      config = self._get_configuration_from_setup_py(
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 941, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
      config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
    File "sklearn\setup.py", line 76, in configuration
      maybe_cythonize_extensions(top_path, config)
    File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\sklearn\_build_utils\__init__.py", line 42, in maybe_cythonize_extensions
      with_openmp = check_openmp_support()
    File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\sklearn\_build_utils\openmp_helpers.py", line 83, in check_openmp_support
      ccompiler.compile(['test_openmp.c'], output_dir='objects',
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 360, in compile
      self.initialize()
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 253, in initialize
      vc_env = _get_vc_env(plat_spec)
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 171, in msvc14_get_vc_env
      return EnvironmentInfo(plat_spec, vc_min_ver=14.0).return_env()
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 1075, in __init__
      self.si = SystemInfo(self.ri, vc_ver)
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 547, in __init__
      vc_ver or self._find_latest_available_vs_ver())
    File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 561, in _find_latest_available_vs_ver
      raise distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError(
  distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Build Tools for Visual Studio": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for scikit-learn
  Running setup.py clean for scikit-learn
Failed to build scikit-learn
Installing collected packages: scikit-learn, sklearn, mlrose
    Running setup.py install for scikit-learn ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Wondershare\\CreatorTemp\\pip-install-8ooeas1k\\scikit-learn\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Wondershare\\CreatorTemp\\pip-install-8ooeas1k\\scikit-learn\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-record-x04bx8yu\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile
         cwd: C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\
    Complete output (37 lines):
    Partial import of sklearn during the build process.
    No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\setup.py", line 290, in <module>
        setup_package()
      File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\setup.py", line 286, in setup_package
        setup(**metadata)
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 137, in setup
        config = configuration()
      File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\setup.py", line 174, in configuration
        config.add_subpackage('sklearn')
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 1033, in add_subpackage
        config_list = self.get_subpackage(subpackage_name, subpackage_path,
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 999, in get_subpackage
        config = self._get_configuration_from_setup_py(
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 941, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
        config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
      File "sklearn\setup.py", line 76, in configuration
        maybe_cythonize_extensions(top_path, config)
      File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\sklearn\_build_utils\__init__.py", line 42, in maybe_cythonize_extensions
        with_openmp = check_openmp_support()
      File "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-install-8ooeas1k\scikit-learn\sklearn\_build_utils\openmp_helpers.py", line 83, in check_openmp_support
        ccompiler.compile(['test_openmp.c'], output_dir='objects',
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 360, in compile
        self.initialize()
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 253, in initialize
        vc_env = _get_vc_env(plat_spec)
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 171, in msvc14_get_vc_env
        return EnvironmentInfo(plat_spec, vc_min_ver=14.0).return_env()
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 1075, in __init__
        self.si = SystemInfo(self.ri, vc_ver)
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 547, in __init__
        vc_ver or self._find_latest_available_vs_ver())
      File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 561, in _find_latest_available_vs_ver
        raise distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError(
    distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Build Tools for Visual Studio": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Wondershare\\CreatorTemp\\pip-install-8ooeas1k\\scikit-learn\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Wondershare\\CreatorTemp\\pip-install-8ooeas1k\\scikit-learn\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\Public\Documents\Wondershare\CreatorTemp\pip-record-x04bx8yu\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile Check the logs for full command output.

我該怎么辦？

Answer 1

你的錯誤說：

Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Build Tools for Visual Studio": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

它告訴您的是，您需要在機器上安裝Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0才能安裝模塊。 它是為 windows 平台編譯 c/cpp 源代碼的標准工具鏈。 如果您嘗試從源代碼安裝 python 模塊，該模塊有一些用 c/cpp 編寫的需要編譯的速度部分，則需要這樣做。

從源代碼安裝復雜模塊可能會很痛苦，尤其是在 windows 上，但幸運的是，您有以下選項：

---

通常許多知名的軟件包都提供whl文件，這些文件是模塊的預編譯版本，無需在您的計算機上編譯任何東西即可輕松安裝。 在您的情況下，您可以從 output 中看到， mlrose實際上是作為whl文件下載的

Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0d/f8/79e77a40f6e8988e3ecc9ead8a28024ee43df9c99fce2209037c9e6f9e4a/mlrose-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl

但是scikit-learn （這是一個依賴項）作為源代碼下載，而不是whl文件：

Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/ce/9d8c88e68af0a5b5c5d78d8d2b7bcadfd45e1d6afc863ccb9aee30765b06/scikit-learn-0.21.3.tar.gz

在編譯過程中，會彈出錯誤提示您沒有安裝必要的編譯器。 如果您檢查pypi 頁面，您可以看到對於您的 python 版本（python 3.8）沒有可用的 whl 文件，它們只有 go 高達cp37 （=python 3.7）。

Python 3.8 相當新，因此並不總是有官方預構建的 whl 文件可用。 現在您可以：

1. 卸載 python 3.8 並安裝 python 3.7，這樣在 pypi 上獲得官方 whl 文件的機會更高
2. 使用非官方來源的 whl 文件，即這個
3. 使用anaconda卸載 python 3.8 並安裝 python 3.7，其中預裝了許多軟件包
4. 安裝 Microsoft Visual Build Tools 並嘗試自己編譯相關庫

我的建議是使用#3 的 go，如果您只想讓安裝盡快運行並盡可能無憂，並且不在乎您是否擁有 python 3.7 或 python3。