將數據從寬變長：基於列名的新變量

Question

我想將數據集從寬格式重塑為長格式。

數據集包含 300 個變量，每個變量都以原理命名：ModelID_Emotion_ModelGender。 下面的示例數據：

df <- structure(list(X71_Anger_Male = structure(c(3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("Anger", 
"Disgust", "Fear"), class = "factor"), X71_Disgus_Male = structure(c(2L, 
1L, 1L), .Label = c("Disgust", "Fear"), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-3L))

看起來像

  X71_Anger_Male X71_Disgus_Male
1           Fear            Fear
2          Anger         Disgust
3        Disgust         Disgust

我想以將列名中的信息獲取並放入新變量的方式轉置數據。 例如，應該有一個新變量ModelGender，一個新變量modelID和一個新變量emotion。 所以數據集應該是這樣的：

desired <- structure(list(Gender = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "Male", class = "factor"), 
    ModelNumber = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "X71", class = "factor"), 
    Emotion = structure(c(2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = c("Anger", 
    "Disgust"), class = "factor"), Response = structure(c(3L, 
    2L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("Anger", "Disgust", "Fear"
    ), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-6L))

這應該看起來像

  Gender ModelNumber Emotion Response
1   Male         X71 Disgust     Fear
2   Male         X71 Disgust  Disgust
3   Male         X71 Disgust  Disgust
4   Male         X71   Anger     Fear
5   Male         X71   Anger    Anger
6   Male         X71   Anger  Disgust

當我使用重塑或聚集/擴散或熔化/鑄造時，它不會給出預期的結果。 有誰知道如何做到這一點？

感謝您的時間！

Answer 1

您可以簡單地轉換為 long 並拆分您想要的列。 通過 tidyverse 方法的一種方法可以是，

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)

df %>% 
 pivot_longer(everything()) %>% 
 separate(name, into = c('ModelNumber', 'Emotion', 'Gender'), sep = '_')

Answer 2

在pivot_longer ，您可以將names_sep指定為"_"並將列名拆分為 3 列。

tidyr::pivot_longer(df, cols = everything(),
                        names_to = c('ModelNumber', 'Emotion', 'Gender'), 
                        values_to = 'Response',
                        names_sep = '_')

# A tibble: 6 x 4
#  ModelNumber Emotion Gender Response
#  <chr>       <chr>   <chr>  <fct>   
#1 X71         Anger   Male   Fear    
#2 X71         Disgus  Male   Fear    
#3 X71         Anger   Male   Anger   
#4 X71         Disgus  Male   Disgust 
#5 X71         Anger   Male   Disgust 
#6 X71         Disgus  Male   Disgust