如何畫一條斜線

Question

我試着在 window 和 c 中畫一些線條和形狀（沒有一個庫，它用一兩條線為我做這件事）來學習一點。 我已經可以繪制水平和垂直線和矩形。 現在，我想畫有角度的線。 這是整個代碼：

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdint.h>

typedef uint32_t u32;

int running = 1;
int width = 0;
int height = 0;
int rgb=0;

int pointA[]={100,100};
int pointB[]={200,100};

void* memory;
BITMAPINFO bitmap_info;

//Farben
u32 red = 0xFF0000;
u32 green = 0x00FF00;
u32 blue = 0x0000FF; 
u32 black = 0x000000;
u32 white = 0xFFFFFF;

int calculateCord(int x, int y){
    int memoryNumber=(height-y+1)*width-(width-x+1);
    return memoryNumber;
}

void setBackground(u32 color)
{
    u32 *pixel = (u32 *)memory; 
    for (int memoryNumber=0;memoryNumber<width*height;++memoryNumber)
    {
        *pixel++=color;
    }
}
void drawPixel(u32 color,int x,int y)
{
    u32 *pixel = (u32 *)memory;
    pixel += calculateCord(x,y);
    *pixel=color;

}
void drawLineHor(u32 color,int x,int y,int lineWidth,int direction)
{
    u32 *pixel=(u32 *)memory;
    pixel+=calculateCord(x,y);
    for(int a=0;a<lineWidth;a++)
    {
        if(direction ==0){
            *pixel++=color;
        }else{
            *pixel--=color;
        }
       
    }
}
void drawLineVert(u32 color,int x,int y,int lineHeight,int direction)
{
    u32 *pixel=(u32 *)memory;
    pixel+=calculateCord(x,y);
    *pixel=color;
    for(int b=0;b<lineHeight;b++)
    {
        *pixel=color;
        if(direction==0){
            pixel-= width;
        }else {
            pixel += width;
        }
         
    }
}
void drawLineDiagonal(u32 color,int x,int y,int distance,int direction)
{
    u32 *pixel=(u32 *)memory;
    pixel+=calculateCord(x,y);
    *pixel=color;
    for(int a=0;a<distance;a++){
        
        if (direction==0){
            *pixel++=color;
            pixel -= width;
        }else{
            *pixel--=color;
            pixel += width;
        }
    }
}
void drawLineAngle(u32 color,int x,int y,int targetX,int targetY)
{
    u32 *pixel=(u32 *)memory;
    pixel += calculateCord(x,y);
    *pixel=color;
    int difX=targetX-x+1;
    int difY=targetY-y+1;
    float ratioX= difX/difY;
    if(ratioX>=1){
        for (int b=0;b<difY;b++)
        {
            for(int a=0;a<=ratioX;a++)
            {
                *pixel++=color;
            }
            *pixel=color;
            pixel -= width;
        }
    }
}
void drawRect(u32 color,int x,int y,int rectWidth,int rectHeight)
{
    u32 *pixel=(u32 *)memory;
    pixel+=calculateCord(x,y);
    *pixel=color;
    for (int a=0;a<rectWidth;a++)
    {
        *pixel++=color;
    }
    for(int b=0;b<rectHeight;b++)
    {
        *pixel=color;
        pixel -= width;
    }
    for (int a=0;a<rectWidth;a++)
    {
        *pixel--=color;
    }
    for(int b=0;b<rectHeight;b++)
    {
        *pixel=color;
        pixel += width;
    }
}
void fillRect(u32 color,int x,int y,int rectWidth,int rectHeight)
{
    u32 *pixel=(u32 *)memory;
    pixel += calculateCord(x,y);
    *pixel=color;
    for(int b=0;b<rectHeight;b++)
    {
        for(int a=0;a<rectWidth;a++)
        {
            *pixel++=color;
        }
        pixel -= width+rectWidth;
        *pixel=color;
    }

}

LRESULT CALLBACK
WindowProc(HWND window, 
           UINT message, 
           WPARAM w_param, 
           LPARAM l_param)
{
    LRESULT result;
    switch(message)
    {
        case WM_CLOSE:
        {
            running = 0;
            printf("Ende");
        } break;
        default:
        {
            result = DefWindowProc(window,
                                   message, 
                                   w_param, 
                                   l_param);
        } break;
    }
    return result;
}

int WINAPI 
wWinMain(HINSTANCE instance, 
         HINSTANCE prev_instance, 
         PWSTR cmd_line, 
         int cmd_show)
{
    WNDCLASS window_class = {0};
    
    wchar_t class_name[] = L"GameWindowClass";
    
    window_class.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    window_class.hInstance = instance;
    window_class.lpszClassName = class_name;
    
    RegisterClass(&window_class);
    
    HWND window = CreateWindowEx(0,
                                 class_name,
                                 L"Fenster",
                                 WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_VISIBLE,
                                 CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                 CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                 CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                 CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                 0,
                                 0,
                                 instance,
                                 0);
    
    RECT rect;
    GetClientRect(window, &rect);
    width = rect.right - rect.left;
    height = rect.bottom - rect.top;
    
    memory = VirtualAlloc(0,
                          width * height * 4,
                          MEM_RESERVE|MEM_COMMIT,
                          PAGE_READWRITE);

    setBackground(black);
    drawLineAngled(red,100,100,140,150);
    drawPixel(blue,140,150);
    drawPixel(green,100,100);


    bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(bitmap_info.bmiHeader);
    bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biWidth = width;
    bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biHeight = height;
    bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
    bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
    bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
    HDC hdc = GetDC(window);
    
    while(running)
    {
        MSG message;
        while(PeekMessage(&message, window, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&message);
            DispatchMessage(&message);
        }
        StretchDIBits(hdc,
                      0,
                      0,
                      width,
                      height,
                      0,
                      0,
                      width,
                      height,
                      memory,
                      &bitmap_info,
                      DIB_RGB_COLORS,
                      SRCCOPY);
    }
    return 0;
}

這只是斜線的一部分：

void drawLineAngled(u32 color,int x,int y,int targetX,int targetY)
{
    u32 *pixel=(u32 *)memory;
    pixel += calculateCord(x,y);
    *pixel=color;
    int difX=targetX-x+1;
    int difY=targetY-y+1;
    float ratioX= difX/difY;
    if(ratioX>=1){
        for (int b=0;b<difY;b++)
        {
            for(int a=0;a<=ratioX;a++)
            {
                *pixel++=color;
            }
            *pixel=color;
            pixel -= width;
        }
    }

當我執行它時，它會畫一條有角度的線，但不是重點。 這條線在目標點右側結束一點像素。 我知道代碼不是最漂亮的，還有一些需要改進的地方，但我想先集中精力。（對不起我的英語）

（編輯）現在我得到了這個工作正常的代碼

void drawAngledLine(u32 color,int originX,int originY,int targetX,int targetY)
{
    int swap=0;
    if(originX > targetX || originY > targetY){
        int swapX=originX;
        originX=targetX;
        targetX=swapX;

        int swapY=originY;
        originY=targetY;
        targetY=swapY;

        swap=1;
    }

    const float m= (float)(targetY-originY)/ (float)(targetX-originX);
    const float b= originY-m*(float)originX;

    if(m<=1){
        for(int x=originX;x<targetX;x++)
        {
            float y=m*(float)x+b;
            y+=0.5;
            drawPixel(color,x,(int)y);
        }
    }else{
        const float w=(float)(targetX-originX)/(float)(targetY-originY);
        const float v=originX-w*(float)originY;

        for(int y=originY;y<targetY;y++)
        {
            float x=w*(float)y+v;
            x+=0.5;
            drawPixel(color,(int)x,y);
        }
    }
    if(swap=0){
        drawPixel(green,originX,originY);
        drawPixel(blue,targetX,targetY);
    }else{
        drawPixel(green,targetX,targetY);
        drawPixel(blue,targetX,targetY);
    }
}

Answer 1

您對下一行中比率定義的余數有疑問for(int a=0;a<=ratioX;a++)

盡管ratioX是一個浮點數，但循環將一直工作到數字的 integer 部分。 從ratioX - (int)ratioX的差異中剩下的任何東西。

解決方案與我們解決閏年問題相同。 我們累積一年中額外的 6 小時，每 4 年增加一天。 以同樣的方式，每次累加器通過 1（並從累加器中減去 1）時，您需要累加這個差值並添加一個額外的像素。

這會給您留下最后一個像素的問題。 有時，即使有所有補償，您的線也會短一個像素。 因此，您可以明確設置targetX,targetY上的最后一個像素。

以下是基於上述代碼的示例：

void drawLineAngled(u32 color,int x,int y,int targetX,int targetY)
{
    u32 *pixel=(u32 *)memory;
    pixel += calculateCord(x,y);
    *pixel=color;
    int difX=targetX-x+1;
    int difY=targetY-y+1;
    float ratioX= difX/difY;
    const float remainderConst=ratioX-(int)ratioX;
    float remainder=0;
    if(ratioX>=1){
        for (int b=0;b<difY;b++)
        {
            for(int a=0;a<=ratioX;a++)
            {
                *pixel++=color;
            }
            // Add the pixel fraction that we had skipped in the loop
            remainder+=remainderConst;
            // If the skipped fractions accumulate to 1 or more, add a pixel
            if (remainder >= 1) {
                *pixel++=color;
                reminder--;
            }
            *pixel=color;
            pixel -= width;
        }
    }
}