無法在虛擬環境中安裝 pandas（和 numpy）

Question

所以，最近我決定嘗試在我的新 django 項目中使用 venv。 我正在學習一些教程，但現在我遇到了一個問題——我無法安裝 Pandas 包。 我通過 Windows PowerShall 安裝 django 沒有問題，但是在我嘗試使用該命令 (.vkr) 安裝 pandas PS C:\django> python -m pip install pandas 我得到這個：

Collecting pandas
  Using cached pandas-1.5.2.tar.gz (5.2 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [269 lines of output]
      Collecting setuptools>=51.0.0
        Using cached setuptools-65.6.3-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
      Collecting wheel
        Using cached wheel-0.38.4-py3-none-any.whl (36 kB)
      Collecting Cython<3,>=0.29.32
        Using cached Cython-0.29.32-py2.py3-none-any.whl (986 kB)
      Collecting oldest-supported-numpy>=2022.8.16
        Using cached oldest_supported_numpy-2022.11.19-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB)
      Collecting numpy==1.19.3
        Using cached numpy-1.19.3.zip (7.3 MB)
        Installing build dependencies: started
        Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
        Getting requirements to build wheel: started
        Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
        Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
        Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'
        error: subprocess-exited-with-error

        Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
        exit code: 1

        [236 lines of output]
        Running from numpy source directory.
        setup.py:480: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates
          run_build = parse_setuppy_commands()
        Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pxd.in
        Processing numpy/random\bit_generator.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\mtrand.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pyx.in
        Processing numpy/random\_common.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_generator.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_mt19937.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_pcg64.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_philox.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_sfc64.pyx
        Cythonizing sources
        blas_opt_info:
        blas_mkl_info:
        customize Mingw32CCompiler
          libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        blis_info:
          libraries blis not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_info:
          libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_blas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries tatlas not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_blas_info:
          libraries satlas not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_blas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_blas_info:
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        accelerate_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Optimized (vendor) Blas libraries are not found.
            Falls back to netlib Blas library which has worse performance.
            A better performance should be easily gained by switching
            Blas library.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
        blas_info:
          libraries blas not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
            Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
            the BLAS environment variable.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
        blas_src_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
            Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
            the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
          NOT AVAILABLE

        non-existing path in 'numpy\\distutils': 'site.cfg'
        lapack_opt_info:
        lapack_mkl_info:
          libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_lapack_info:
          libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_clapack_info:
          libraries openblas,lapack not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        flame_info:
          libraries flame not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\django\.vkr\lib
          libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\django\.vkr\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_info:
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\django\.vkr\lib
          libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\django\.vkr\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\django\.vkr\lib
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\django\.vkr\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_info:
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\django\.vkr\lib
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\django\.vkr\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        lapack_info:
          libraries lapack not found in ['C:\\django\\.vkr\\lib', 'C:\\']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1748: UserWarning:
            Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
            Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
            the LAPACK environment variable.
          return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
        lapack_src_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1748: UserWarning:
            Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
            Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
            the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
          return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
          NOT AVAILABLE

        numpy_linalg_lapack_lite:
          FOUND:
            language = c
            define_macros = [('HAVE_BLAS_ILP64', None), ('BLAS_SYMBOL_SUFFIX', '64_')]

        C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
          warnings.warn(msg)
        running dist_info
        running build_src
        build_src
        building py_modules sources
        creating build
        creating build\src.mingw_x86_64-3.9
        creating build\src.mingw_x86_64-3.9\numpy
        creating build\src.mingw_x86_64-3.9\numpy\distutils
        building library "npymath" sources
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\fcompiler\compaq.py", line 78, in CompaqVisualFCompiler
            m.initialize()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\msvccompiler.py", line 48, in initialize
            _MSVCCompiler.initialize(self)
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\msvccompiler.py", line 259, in initialize
            self.__paths = self.get_msvc_paths("path")
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\msvccompiler.py", line 602, in get_msvc_paths
            r"\Win32 (%s)\Directories" % (self.__root, platform))
        AttributeError: 'MSVCCompiler' object has no attribute '_MSVCCompiler__root'

        During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\django\.vkr\lib\python3.9\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 351, in <module>
            main()
          File "C:\django\.vkr\lib\python3.9\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 333, in main
            json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
          File "C:\django\.vkr\lib\python3.9\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 152, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
            return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-2iw3wr9o\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 157, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
            self.run_setup()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-2iw3wr9o\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 248, in run_setup
            super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend,
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-2iw3wr9o\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 142, in run_setup
            exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())
          File "setup.py", line 508, in <module>
            setup_package()
          File "setup.py", line 500, in setup_package
            setup(**metadata)
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 169, in setup
            return old_setup(**new_attr)
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-2iw3wr9o\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 165, in setup
            return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
            dist.run_commands()
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
            self.run_command(cmd)
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
            cmd_obj.run()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-2iw3wr9o\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\command\dist_info.py", line 31, in run
            egg_info.run()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\command\egg_info.py", line 24, in run
            self.run_command("build_src")
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
            self.distribution.run_command(command)
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
            cmd_obj.run()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 144, in run
            self.build_sources()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 155, in build_sources
            self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 288, in build_library_sources
            sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 378, in generate_sources
            source = func(extension, build_dir)
            st = config_cmd.try_link('int main(void) { return 0;}')
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\command\config.py", line 241, in try_link
            self._check_compiler()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\command\config.py", line 80, in _check_compiler
            self.fcompiler = new_fcompiler(compiler=self.fcompiler,
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\fcompiler\__init__.py", line 876, in new_fcompiler
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\fcompiler\__init__.py", line 777, in load_all_fcompiler_classes
            __import__ (module_name)
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\fcompiler\compaq.py", line 54, in <module>
            class CompaqVisualFCompiler(FCompiler):
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-umn76yiz\numpy_f76fed0aa6fd429dbfd840b2dced598c\numpy\distutils\fcompiler\compaq.py", line 83, in CompaqVisualFCompiler
            if '_MSVCCompiler__root' in str(msg):
        NameError: name 'msg' is not defined
        [end of output]

        note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
      error: metadata-generation-failed

      Encountered error while generating package metadata.

      See above for output.

      note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
      hint: See above for details.
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

通過 IDE (PyCharm) 安裝也失敗了。 我想我缺少一些包裹。 在搜索了類似的問題（它們主要針對 Mac 和 Ubantu）之后，我嘗試安裝 numpy。 它也因錯誤“numpy 的構建輪失敗”而失敗（除非必要，否則我不會發布所有文本，因為它真的很長）。 從上面的文字我猜我需要 mkl_rt、blis 和其他東西，但我真的不知道要安裝什么，我不記得在全局安裝 pandas 時遇到過這種問題（它工作正常）。 我升級了 pip，我有 python v.3.9 所以我真的不知道下一步該做什么。 更新。 安裝了設置工具。 現在我有另一個問題。

Collecting pandas
  Using cached pandas-1.5.2.tar.gz (5.2 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [71 lines of output]
      Collecting setuptools>=51.0.0
        Using cached setuptools-65.6.3-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
      Collecting wheel
        Using cached wheel-0.38.4-py3-none-any.whl (36 kB)
      Collecting Cython<3,>=0.29.32
        Using cached Cython-0.29.32-py2.py3-none-any.whl (986 kB)
      Collecting oldest-supported-numpy>=2022.8.16
        Using cached oldest_supported_numpy-2022.11.19-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB)
      Collecting numpy==1.19.3
        Using cached numpy-1.19.3.zip (7.3 MB)
        Installing build dependencies: started
        Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
        Getting requirements to build wheel: started
        Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'error'
        error: subprocess-exited-with-error

        Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
        exit code: 1

        [40 lines of output]
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\django\.vkr\lib\python3.9\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 351, in <module>
            main()
          File "C:\django\.vkr\lib\python3.9\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 333, in main
            json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
          File "C:\django\.vkr\lib\python3.9\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 112, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
            backend = _build_backend()
          File "C:\django\.vkr\lib\python3.9\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 77, in _build_backend
            obj = import_module(mod_path)
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
            return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 972, in _find_and_load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-3fjiq_zt\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 253, in <module>
            monkey.patch_all()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-3fjiq_zt\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\monkey.py", line 101, in patch_all
            patch_for_msvc_specialized_compiler()
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-3fjiq_zt\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\monkey.py", line 164, in patch_for_msvc_specialized_compiler
            patch_func(*msvc9('find_vcvarsall'))
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-3fjiq_zt\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\monkey.py", line 151, in patch_params
            mod = import_module(mod_name)
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
            return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
          File "C:\Users\ZenBook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-3fjiq_zt\overlay\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 295, in <module>
            raise DistutilsPlatformError("VC %0.1f is not supported by this module" % VERSION)
        distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: VC 6.0 is not supported by this module
        [end of output]

        note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
      error: subprocess-exited-with-error

      Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
      exit code: 1

      See above for output.

      note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

Answer 1

對我來說總是有用的一件事是以管理員身份運行命令提示符。 如果您使用的是 Windows，只需按 Windows 鍵，搜索“命令提示符”，然后選擇“以管理員身份運行”。 然后嘗試運行您的命令。

它可能不能解決您的問題，但它似乎總是對我有用。

我希望這有幫助！