[英]How do you translate IDL into C#?
例如, DOM規范具有各種IDL定義 ,其中一個是接口節點 。 您如何將這個 - 甚至是其中的一部分 - 轉換為實際的C#? 我的意思是,你甚至會在哪里開始? 據我所知,C#的接口行為與IDL在此處調用接口的行為大相徑庭。 我錯了嗎?
interface Node {
// NodeType
const unsigned short ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
const unsigned short ATTRIBUTE_NODE = 2;
const unsigned short TEXT_NODE = 3;
const unsigned short CDATA_SECTION_NODE = 4;
const unsigned short ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE = 5;
const unsigned short ENTITY_NODE = 6;
const unsigned short PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = 7;
const unsigned short COMMENT_NODE = 8;
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_NODE = 9;
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE = 10;
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE = 11;
const unsigned short NOTATION_NODE = 12;
readonly attribute DOMString nodeName;
attribute DOMString nodeValue;
// raises(DOMException) on setting
// raises(DOMException) on retrieval
readonly attribute unsigned short nodeType;
readonly attribute Node parentNode;
readonly attribute NodeList childNodes;
readonly attribute Node firstChild;
readonly attribute Node lastChild;
readonly attribute Node previousSibling;
readonly attribute Node nextSibling;
readonly attribute NamedNodeMap attributes;
// Modified in DOM Level 2:
readonly attribute Document ownerDocument;
// Modified in DOM Level 3:
Node insertBefore(in Node newChild,
in Node refChild)
raises(DOMException);
// Modified in DOM Level 3:
Node replaceChild(in Node newChild,
in Node oldChild)
raises(DOMException);
// Modified in DOM Level 3:
Node removeChild(in Node oldChild)
raises(DOMException);
// Modified in DOM Level 3:
Node appendChild(in Node newChild)
raises(DOMException);
boolean hasChildNodes();
Node cloneNode(in boolean deep);
// Modified in DOM Level 3:
void normalize();
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
boolean isSupported(in DOMString feature,
in DOMString version);
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
readonly attribute DOMString namespaceURI;
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
attribute DOMString prefix;
// raises(DOMException) on setting
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
readonly attribute DOMString localName;
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
boolean hasAttributes();
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
readonly attribute DOMString baseURI;
// DocumentPosition
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_POSITION_DISCONNECTED = 0x01;
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING = 0x02;
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING = 0x04;
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINS = 0x08;
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINED_BY = 0x10;
const unsigned short DOCUMENT_POSITION_IMPLEMENTATION_SPECIFIC = 0x20;
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
unsigned short compareDocumentPosition(in Node other)
raises(DOMException);
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
attribute DOMString textContent;
// raises(DOMException) on setting
// raises(DOMException) on retrieval
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
boolean isSameNode(in Node other);
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
DOMString lookupPrefix(in DOMString namespaceURI);
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
boolean isDefaultNamespace(in DOMString namespaceURI);
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
DOMString lookupNamespaceURI(in DOMString prefix);
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
boolean isEqualNode(in Node arg);
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
DOMObject getFeature(in DOMString feature,
in DOMString version);
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
DOMUserData setUserData(in DOMString key,
in DOMUserData data,
in UserDataHandler handler);
// Introduced in DOM Level 3:
DOMUserData getUserData(in DOMString key);
};
在C#中,接口根據定義為空,並且具有許多可能的實現。 在COM中,通常,接口將具有一個實現並定義調用契約,而不是實現契約(如Web服務或CORBA)。 在C#中,接口的實現是特定於.NET的。 在COM中,接口的實現是語言中立的,但是是二進制實現(與SOAP消息相反,它是文本/ XML)。 這個二進制定義一直是COM的批評者和非Windows系統上COM的緩慢(如果有的話)采用(同樣,與Web服務相對)的食物。
對於幾乎所有的IDL命令,C#中都有同等的可能性,盡管並不總是在接口中。 COM的基本接口始終為IUknown
,用於對象引用計數,必須包含在所有COM對象中。
在演講中,當談到COM接口時,您通常會談論一個實現。 在c#中,您通常會談到調用者和實現者理解的空契約。
正如你所提到的,上面的IDL適用於DOM。 DOM在C#中實現,並且比它的COM堂兄弟(以及許多版本)強大得多。 如果你真的想創建一個可以調用COM DOM接口的C#類包裝器:
您還可以直接在COM dll(進程中)或可執行文件(進程外)上運行tlbimp.exe以創建.NET COM包裝器。
COM的一個基本的,但非常精彩和徹底的介紹是Don Box的着名書籍Essential COM ,關於IDL我建議Gudgin的Essential IDL 。
絕對有關COM和.NET的所有知識都寫在全面但略顯臃腫的.NET和.COM完整的互操作性指南中 。 不是一本書,你將從封面到封面閱讀,但它是很好的參考資料。
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