utf-8郵箱怎么發？

Question

請問如何發送utf8郵件？

import sys
import smtplib
import email
import re

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

def sendmail(firm, fromEmail, to, template, subject, date):
    with open(template, encoding="utf-8") as template_file:
        message = template_file.read()

    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*firm\s*}}", firm, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*date\s*}}", date, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*from\s*}}", fromEmail, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*to\s*}}", to, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*subject\s*}}", subject, message)

    msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
    msg.set_charset("utf-8")
    
    msg["Subject"] = subject
    msg["From"] = fromEmail
    msg["To"] = to

    #Read from template
    html = message[message.find("html:") + len("html:"):message.find("text:")].strip()
    text = message[message.find("text:") + len("text:"):].strip()

    part1 = MIMEText(html, "html")
    part2 = MIMEText(text, "plain")
    
    msg.attach(part1)    
    msg.attach(part2)

    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP("10.0.0.5")
        server.sendmail(fromEmail, [to], msg.as_string())
        return 0
    except Exception as ex:
        #log error
        #return -1
        #debug
        raise ex
    finally:
        server.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    #debug
    sys.argv.append("Moje")
    sys.argv.append("newsletter@example.cz")
    sys.argv.append("subscriber@example.com")
    sys.argv.append("may2011.template")
    sys.argv.append("This is subject")
    sys.argv.append("This is date")

    
    if len(sys.argv) != 7:
        exit(-2)

    firm = sys.argv[1]
    fromEmail = sys.argv[2]
    to = sys.argv[3]
    template = sys.argv[4]
    subject = sys.argv[5]
    date = sys.argv[6]
    
    exit(sendmail(firm, fromEmail, to, template, subject, date))

Output

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Plocha\Newsletter-build-desktop\sendmail.py", line 69, in <module>
    exit(sendmail(firm, fromEmail, to, template, subject, date))   
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Plocha\Newsletter-build-desktop\sendmail.py", line 45, in sendmail
    raise ex
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Plocha\Newsletter-build-desktop\sendmail.py", line 39, in sendmail
    server.sendmail(fromEmail, [to], msg.as_string())
  File "C:\Python32\lib\smtplib.py", line 716, in sendmail
    msg = _fix_eols(msg).encode('ascii')
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\u011b' in position 385: ordinal not in range(128)

Answer 1

您只需要在MIMEText調用中添加'utf-8'參數（默認情況下就假定為'us-ascii' ）。

例如：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
msg["Subject"] = u'テストメール'
part1 = MIMEText(u'\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\uff01\n',
                 "plain", "utf-8")
msg.attach(part1)

print msg.as_string().encode('ascii')

Answer 2

這里的先前答案足以適用於Python 2及更早版本的Python 3.從Python 3.6開始，新代碼通常應使用現代電子郵件Message EmailMessage ，而不是舊的email.message.Message MIMEText MIMEMultipart 較新的 API 已在 Python 3.3 中非正式引入，因此不再需要舊版本，除非您需要可移植回 Python 2（或 3.2，反正沒有人會想要）。

使用新的 API，您不再需要從部分手動組裝顯式 MIME 結構，或顯式 select 正文部分編碼等。Unicode 也不再是特例； email庫將透明地為常規文本 select 提供合適的容器類型和編碼。

import sys
import re
import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage

def sendmail(firm, fromEmail, to, template, subject, date):
    with open(template, "r", encoding="utf-8") as template_file:
        message = template_file.read()

    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*firm\s*}}", firm, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*date\s*}}", date, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*from\s*}}", fromEmail, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*to\s*}}", to, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*subject\s*}}", subject, message)

    msg = EmailMessage()    
    msg["Subject"] = subject
    msg["From"] = fromEmail
    msg["To"] = to

    html = message[message.find("html:") + len("html:"):message.find("text:")].strip()
    text = message[message.find("text:") + len("text:"):].strip()

    msg.set_content(text)
    msg.add_alternative(html, subtype="html")

    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP("10.0.0.5")
        server.send_message(msg)
        return 0
    # XXX FIXME: useless
    except Exception as ex:
        raise ex
    finally:
        server.quit()
        # Explicitly return error
        return 1

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) != 7:
        # Can't return negative
        exit(2)

    exit(sendmail(*sys.argv[1:]))

我不確定我是否完全理解此處的模板處理。 即使需求略有不同的從業者也應該查看Python email示例文檔，其中包含幾個關於如何實現常見 email 用例的簡單示例。

毯子except在這里顯然是多余的，但我把它留作占位符，以防你想看看如果你有一些有用的東西放在那兒，異常處理會是什么樣子。

也許還注意到smtplib允許您with SMTP("10.9.8.76") as server: with a context manager 說。

Answer 3

MartinDrlík提出的問題已經7年零8個月了……如今，由於Python的開發人員的幫助，使用Python的第3版解決了編碼問題。

因此，不再需要指定必須使用utf-8編碼：

#!/usr/bin/python2
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
...
    part2 = MIMEText(text, "plain", "utf-8")

我們將簡單地寫：

#!/usr/bin/python3
...
    part2 = MIMEText(text, "plain")

最終結果：MartinDrlík的腳本運行良好！

但是，最好按照email：示例中的建議使用email.parser模塊。

Answer 4

對於可能感興趣的人，我編寫了一個使用 SMTPlib 的 Mailer 庫，並處理標頭、ssl/tls 安全性、附件和批量 email 發送。

當然它也處理 UTF-8 主題和正文的郵件編碼。

您可以在以下位置找到代碼： https://github.com.netinvent/ofunctions/blob/master/ofunctions/mailer/__init__.py

相關的編碼部分是

message["Subject"] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
message.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain", 'utf-8'))

TL;DR：安裝pip install ofunctions.mailer

用法：

from ofunctions.mailer import Mailer

mailer = Mailer(smtp_server='myserver', smtp_port=587)
mailer.send_email(sender_mail='me@example.com', recipient_mails=['them@example.com', 'otherguy@example.com'])

編碼已設置為 UTF-8，但您可以使用mailer = Mailer(smtp_srever='...', encoding='latin1')將編碼更改為您需要的任何編碼

Answer 5

在我公司，我們使用下一個代碼

import smtplib

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

...

msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = from_addr
msg['To'] = to_addr
msg.attach(MIMEText(html, 'html', 'utf-8'))  
# or you can use 
# msg.attach(MIMEText(text, 'plain', 'utf-8')

server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
server.sendmail(msg['From'], [msg['To']], msg.as_string())
server.quit()

Answer 6

我使用標准包做到了： ssl 、 smtplib和email 。

import configparser
import smtplib
import ssl
from email.message import EmailMessage

# define bcc:[str], cc: [str], from_email: str, to_email: str, subject: str, html_body: str, str_body: str
... 

# save your login and server information in a settings.ini file
cfg.read(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), "settings.ini"))

msg = EmailMessage()
msg['Bcc'] = ", ".join(bcc)
msg['Cc'] = ", ".join(cc)
msg['From'] = from_email
msg['To'] = to_email
msg['Subject'] = subject

msg.set_content(str_body)
msg.add_alternative(html_body, subtype="html")

# add SSL (layer of security)
context = ssl.create_default_context()

# log in and send the email
with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(cfg.get("mail", "server"), cfg.getint("mail", "port"), context=context) as smtp:
    smtp.login(cfg.get("mail", "username"), cfg.get("mail", "password"))
    smtp.send_message(msg=msg)