C# 中的 TraceRoute 和 Ping

Question

有沒有人有 C# 代碼方便對目標計算機執行 ping 和跟蹤路由？ 我正在尋找一個純代碼解決方案，而不是我現在正在做的，它是調用 ping.exe 和 tracert.exe 程序並解析輸出。 我想要更強大的東西。

Answer 1

鑒於我今天必須編寫一個 TraceRoute 類，我想我不妨分享一下源代碼。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;

namespace Answer
{  
  public class TraceRoute
  {
    private const string Data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";

    public static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress)
    {
      return GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, 1);
    }
    private static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress, int ttl)
    {
      Ping pinger = new Ping();
      PingOptions pingerOptions = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
      int timeout = 10000;
      byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data);
      PingReply reply = default(PingReply);

      reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions);

      List<IPAddress> result = new List<IPAddress>();
      if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
      {
        result.Add(reply.Address);
      }
      else if (reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired || reply.Status == IPStatus.TimedOut)
      {
        //add the currently returned address if an address was found with this TTL
        if (reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired) result.Add(reply.Address);
        //recurse to get the next address...
        IEnumerable<IPAddress> tempResult = default(IEnumerable<IPAddress>);
        tempResult = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, ttl + 1);
        result.AddRange(tempResult);
      }
      else
      {
        //failure 
      }

      return result;
    }
  }
}

以及任何想要/需要它的人的 VB 版本

Public Class TraceRoute
    Private Const Data As String = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"

    Public Shared Function GetTraceRoute(ByVal hostNameOrAddress As String) As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
        Return GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, 1)
    End Function
    Private Shared Function GetTraceRoute(ByVal hostNameOrAddress As String, ByVal ttl As Integer) As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
        Dim pinger As Ping = New Ping
        Dim pingerOptions As PingOptions = New PingOptions(ttl, True)
        Dim timeout As Integer = 10000
        Dim buffer() As Byte = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data)
        Dim reply As PingReply

        reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions)

        Dim result As List(Of IPAddress) = New List(Of IPAddress)
        If reply.Status = IPStatus.Success Then
            result.Add(reply.Address)
        ElseIf reply.Status = IPStatus.TtlExpired Then
            'add the currently returned address
            result.Add(reply.Address)
            'recurse to get the next address...
            Dim tempResult As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
            tempResult = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, ttl + 1)
            result.AddRange(tempResult)
        Else
            'failure 
        End If

        Return result
    End Function
End Class

Answer 2

這個實現很簡單，懶惰（適當地可枚舉），它不會像其他一些答案那樣永遠搜索（maxTTL）。

public static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostname)
{
    // following are similar to the defaults in the "traceroute" unix command.
    const int timeout = 10000;
    const int maxTTL = 30;
    const int bufferSize = 32;

    byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
    new Random().NextBytes(buffer);

    using (var pinger = new Ping())
    {
        for (int ttl = 1; ttl <= maxTTL; ttl++)
        {
            PingOptions options = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
            PingReply reply = pinger.Send(hostname, timeout, buffer, options);

            // we've found a route at this ttl
            if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success || reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired)
                yield return reply.Address;

            // if we reach a status other than expired or timed out, we're done searching or there has been an error
            if (reply.Status != IPStatus.TtlExpired && reply.Status != IPStatus.TimedOut)
                break;
        }
    }
}

Answer 3

盡管基類庫包含Ping ，但 BCL 不包含任何 tracert 功能。

但是，快速搜索會發現兩個開源嘗試，第一個是 C#，第二個是 C++：

• http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/tracert.aspx
• http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/IN/network/basicnetworkoperations/article.php/c5457/

Answer 4

關於 ping 部分，請看 MSDN 上的Ping 類。

Answer 5

Ping ：我們可以使用 .NET Framework 中內置的Ping類。

實例化一個Ping並訂閱PingCompleted事件：

Ping pingSender = new Ping();
pingSender.PingCompleted += PingCompletedCallback;

添加代碼以配置和操作 ping，例如：

string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
string who = "www.google.com";
AutoResetEvent waiter = new AutoResetEvent(false);
int timeout = 12000;

PingOptions options = new PingOptions(64, true);

pingSender.SendAsync(who, timeout, buffer, options, waiter);

添加一個PingCompletedEventHandler ：

public static void PingCompletedCallback(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    ... Do stuff here
}

基於MSDN 示例的完整工作示例的代碼轉儲：

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string who = "www.google.com";
    AutoResetEvent waiter = new AutoResetEvent(false);

    Ping pingSender = new Ping();

    // When the PingCompleted event is raised,
    // the PingCompletedCallback method is called.
    pingSender.PingCompleted += PingCompletedCallback;

    // Create a buffer of 32 bytes of data to be transmitted.
    string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
    byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);

    // Wait 12 seconds for a reply.
    int timeout = 12000;

    // Set options for transmission:
    // The data can go through 64 gateways or routers
    // before it is destroyed, and the data packet
    // cannot be fragmented.
    PingOptions options = new PingOptions(64, true);

    Console.WriteLine("Time to live: {0}", options.Ttl);
    Console.WriteLine("Don't fragment: {0}", options.DontFragment);

    // Send the ping asynchronously.
    // Use the waiter as the user token.
    // When the callback completes, it can wake up this thread.
    pingSender.SendAsync(who, timeout, buffer, options, waiter);

    // Prevent this example application from ending.
    // A real application should do something useful
    // when possible.
    waiter.WaitOne();
    Console.WriteLine("Ping example completed.");
}

public static void PingCompletedCallback(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    // If the operation was canceled, display a message to the user.
    if (e.Cancelled)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Ping canceled.");

        // Let the main thread resume. 
        // UserToken is the AutoResetEvent object that the main thread 
        // is waiting for.
        ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
    }

    // If an error occurred, display the exception to the user.
    if (e.Error != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Ping failed:");
        Console.WriteLine(e.Error.ToString());

        // Let the main thread resume. 
        ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
    }

    Console.WriteLine($"Roundtrip Time: {e.Reply.RoundtripTime}");

    // Let the main thread resume.
    ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
}

Answer 6

這是我能想到的最有效的方法。 如果您喜歡它，請投票，以便其他人受益。

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Net.NetworkInformation;

    namespace NetRouteAnalysis
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                var route = TraceRoute.GetTraceRoute("8.8.8.8")

                foreach (var step in route)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{step.Address,-20} {step.Status,-20} \t{step.RoundtripTime} ms");
                }
            }
        }

        public static class TraceRoute
        {
            public static IEnumerable<PingReply> GetTraceRoute(string hostnameOrIp)
            {
                // Initial variables
                var limit = 1000;
                var buffer = new byte[32];
                var pingOpts = new PingOptions(1, true);
                var ping = new Ping();               

                // Result holder.
                PingReply result = null;

                do
                {
                    result = ping.Send(hostnameOrIp, 4000, buffer, pingOpts);
                    pingOpts = new PingOptions(pingOpts.Ttl + 1, pingOpts.DontFragment);

                    if (result.Status != IPStatus.TimedOut)
                    {
                        yield return result;
                    }
                }
                while (result.Status != IPStatus.Success && pingOpts.Ttl < limit);
            }
        }       
    }

Answer 7

作為對上述 Scotts 代碼答案的改進，我發現如果路線在到達目的地之前逐漸變細，那么他的解決方案將不起作用 - 它永遠不會返回。 至少有部分路線的更好解決方案可能是這個（我已經測試過並且效果很好）。 您可以將 for 循環中的“20”更改為更大或更小的值，或者如果您想以其他方式控制迭代次數，請嘗試檢測它是否花費了太長時間。 完全歸功於 Scott 的原始代碼 - 謝謝。

    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Net;

    ...

    public static void TraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress)
    {
        for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++)
        {
            IPAddress ip = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, i);
            if(ip == null)
            {
                break;
            }
            Console.WriteLine(ip.ToString());
        }
    }

    private static IPAddress GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress, int ttl)
    {
        const string Data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
        Ping pinger = new Ping();
        PingOptions pingerOptions = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
        int timeout = 10000;
        byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data);
        PingReply reply = default(PingReply);

        reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions);

        List<IPAddress> result = new List<IPAddress>();
        if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success || reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired)
        {
            return reply.Address;
        }
        else
        {
            return null;
        }
    }