將數據保存到C＃文件中

Question

因此，我目前正在從事一個為Pathfinder Roleplaying Game制作自動化角色表的項目，並且對如何保存數據一無所知。 我想將所有變量的當前值保存到擴展名為.pfcsheet的文件中，然后再將其打開。 我四處搜尋，找不到說明如何執行此操作的方法，只是如何保存文本框的內容。 我嘗試使用saveFileDialog控件，但它一直顯示“文件名無效”錯誤，似乎沒人知道原因。

Answer 1

我剛剛寫了一篇有關將對象的數據保存到Binary，XML或Json的博客文章 。 聽起來您可能想要使用二進制序列化，但是也許您希望在應用程序外部編輯文件，在這種情況下，XML或Json可能更好。 以下是各種格式的功能。 有關更多詳細信息，請參見我的博客文章。

二元

/// <summary>
/// Writes the given object instance to a binary file.
/// <para>Object type (and all child types) must be decorated with the [Serializable] attribute.</para>
/// <para>To prevent a variable from being serialized, decorate it with the [NonSerialized] attribute; cannot be applied to properties.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being written to the XML file.</typeparam>
/// <param name="filePath">The file path to write the object instance to.</param>
/// <param name="objectToWrite">The object instance to write to the XML file.</param>
/// <param name="append">If false the file will be overwritten if it already exists. If true the contents will be appended to the file.</param>
public static void WriteToBinaryFile<T>(string filePath, T objectToWrite, bool append = false)
{
    using (Stream stream = File.Open(filePath, append ? FileMode.Append : FileMode.Create))
    {
        var binaryFormatter = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter();
        binaryFormatter.Serialize(stream, objectToWrite);
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Reads an object instance from a binary file.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object to read from the XML.</typeparam>
/// <param name="filePath">The file path to read the object instance from.</param>
/// <returns>Returns a new instance of the object read from the binary file.</returns>
public static T ReadFromBinaryFile<T>(string filePath)
{
    using (Stream stream = File.Open(filePath, FileMode.Open))
    {
        var binaryFormatter = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter();
        return (T)binaryFormatter.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

XML格式

需要將System.Xml程序集包含在您的項目中。

/// <summary>
/// Writes the given object instance to an XML file.
/// <para>Only Public properties and variables will be written to the file. These can be any type though, even other classes.</para>
/// <para>If there are public properties/variables that you do not want written to the file, decorate them with the [XmlIgnore] attribute.</para>
/// <para>Object type must have a parameterless constructor.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being written to the file.</typeparam>
/// <param name="filePath">The file path to write the object instance to.</param>
/// <param name="objectToWrite">The object instance to write to the file.</param>
/// <param name="append">If false the file will be overwritten if it already exists. If true the contents will be appended to the file.</param>
public static void WriteToXmlFile<T>(string filePath, T objectToWrite, bool append = false) where T : new()
{
    TextWriter writer = null;
    try
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
        writer = new StreamWriter(filePath, append);
        serializer.Serialize(writer, objectToWrite);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (writer != null)
            writer.Close();
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Reads an object instance from an XML file.
/// <para>Object type must have a parameterless constructor.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object to read from the file.</typeparam>
/// <param name="filePath">The file path to read the object instance from.</param>
/// <returns>Returns a new instance of the object read from the XML file.</returns>
public static T ReadFromXmlFile<T>(string filePath) where T : new()
{
    TextReader reader = null;
    try
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
        reader = new StreamReader(filePath);
        return (T)serializer.Deserialize(reader);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (reader != null)
            reader.Close();
    }
}

傑森

您必須包括對Newtonsoft.Json程序集的引用，該引用可以從Json.NET NuGet Package獲得 。

/// <summary>
/// Writes the given object instance to a Json file.
/// <para>Object type must have a parameterless constructor.</para>
/// <para>Only Public properties and variables will be written to the file. These can be any type though, even other classes.</para>
/// <para>If there are public properties/variables that you do not want written to the file, decorate them with the [JsonIgnore] attribute.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being written to the file.</typeparam>
/// <param name="filePath">The file path to write the object instance to.</param>
/// <param name="objectToWrite">The object instance to write to the file.</param>
/// <param name="append">If false the file will be overwritten if it already exists. If true the contents will be appended to the file.</param>
public static void WriteToJsonFile<T>(string filePath, T objectToWrite, bool append = false) where T : new()
{
    TextWriter writer = null;
    try
    {
        var contentsToWriteToFile = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(objectToWrite);
        writer = new StreamWriter(filePath, append);
        writer.Write(contentsToWriteToFile);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (writer != null)
            writer.Close();
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Reads an object instance from an Json file.
/// <para>Object type must have a parameterless constructor.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object to read from the file.</typeparam>
/// <param name="filePath">The file path to read the object instance from.</param>
/// <returns>Returns a new instance of the object read from the Json file.</returns>
public static T ReadFromJsonFile<T>(string filePath) where T : new()
{
    TextReader reader = null;
    try
    {
        reader = new StreamReader(filePath);
        var fileContents = reader.ReadToEnd();
        return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(fileContents);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (reader != null)
            reader.Close();
    }
}

例

// To save the characterSheet variable contents to a file.
WriteToBinaryFile<CharacterSheet>("C:\CharacterSheet.pfcsheet", characterSheet);

// To load the file contents back into a variable.
CharacterSheet characterSheet = ReadFromBinaryFile<CharacterSheet>("C:\CharacterSheet.pfcsheet");

Answer 2

我想你可能想要這樣的東西

// Compose a string that consists of three lines.
string lines = "First line.\r\nSecond line.\r\nThird line.";

// Write the string to a file.
System.IO.StreamWriter file = new System.IO.StreamWriter("c:\\test.txt");
file.WriteLine(lines);

file.Close();

Answer 3

查看XMLSerializer類。

如果要保存對象的狀態並能夠在其他時間輕松地重新創建它們，那么序列化是最好的選擇。

序列化它，以便您返回完整的XML。 使用StreamWriter類將此內容寫入文件。

以后，您可以讀入文件的內容，並將其與要填充的對象的實例一起傳遞給序列化器類，序列化器還將負責反序列化。

這是來自Microsoft支持的代碼段：

using System;

public class clsPerson
{
  public  string FirstName;
  public  string MI;
  public  string LastName;
}

class class1
{ 
   static void Main(string[] args)
   {
      clsPerson p=new clsPerson();
      p.FirstName = "Jeff";
      p.MI = "A";
      p.LastName = "Price";
      System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer x = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(p.GetType());

      // at this step, instead of passing Console.Out, you can pass in a 
      // Streamwriter to write the contents to a file of your choosing.
      x.Serialize(Console.Out, p);


      Console.WriteLine();
      Console.ReadLine();
   }
} 

Answer 4

這是一個類似於Sachin的簡單示例。 建議在非托管文件資源上使用“ using”語句：

        // using System.IO;
        string filepath = @"C:\test.txt";
        using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filepath))
        {
            writer.WriteLine("some text");
        }

使用語句（C＃參考）

Answer 5

這是MSDN上有關如何將文本寫入文件的指南的文章：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-CN/library/8bh11f1k.aspx

我將從這里開始，然后在繼續開發時發布其他更具體的問題。

Answer 6

從System.IO命名空間（尤其是File或FileInfo對象）開始應該可以入門。

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.io.file.aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-CN/library/system.io.fileinfo.aspx

Answer 7

一班輪：

System.IO.File.WriteAllText(@"D:\file.txt", content);

如果文件不存在，它將創建文件；如果文件存在，則將覆蓋文件。 確保您具有寫該位置的適當特權，否則您將獲得異常。

https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms143375%28v=vs.110%29.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396

將字符串寫入文本文件，並確保它始終覆蓋現有內容。