在three.js中动态创建二维文本

Question

I have 3D model which I have created in three.js. Based on some data, I want to create a set of arrows which is decorated by a small text label. These labels should be in 2D.

It seems like I have two alternatives: either use a separate canvas element to create a texture which in its turn is used in the 3D model, or use HTML on top the 3D model's canvas element.

I'm wondering how to go about this. Which is the "correct" way to do this? Any suggestions and example code is very welcome!

Answer 1

If you don't mind that the text will always be on top (eg if the object is blocked by something else, its text label will still be visible and on top of everything else), and that the text will not be affected by any rendering like lights/shadow, etc, then HTML is the easiest way to go imho.

Here is some sample code:

var text2 = document.createElement('div');
text2.style.position = 'absolute';
//text2.style.zIndex = 1;    // if you still don't see the label, try uncommenting this
text2.style.width = 100;
text2.style.height = 100;
text2.style.backgroundColor = "blue";
text2.innerHTML = "hi there!";
text2.style.top = 200 + 'px';
text2.style.left = 200 + 'px';
document.body.appendChild(text2);

Substitute 200 in the style.top and style.left variables for the y and x coordinates (respectively) you wish to place the text. They will be positive values where (0,0) is the top left of the canvas. For some guidance on how to project from the 3D point in your canvas to a 2D point in pixels in your browser window, use a code snippet like the following:

function toXYCoords (pos) {
        var vector = projector.projectVector(pos.clone(), camera);
        vector.x = (vector.x + 1)/2 * window.innerWidth;
        vector.y = -(vector.y - 1)/2 * window.innerHeight;
        return vector;
}

Make sure you have called camera.updateMatrixWorld() beforehand.

Answer 2

Check out the demo .

TextGeometry consumes a lot of memory and you need to load a font, which contains a geometry for each letter, you will be using. If I have more than 100 text meshes in a scene, my browser crashes.

You can draw text on a canvas and include it in your scene via a Sprite . The problem with it is that you need to calculate the font size. If you have a moving camera, then you need to calculate the font size periodically. Otherwise the text will get to blurry, if you get too close to the text with the camera.

I wrote a class TextSprite which automatically calculates the best possible font size, depending on the distance to the camera and the size of the renderer element. The trick is to use the callback .onBeforeRender of the class Object3D , which receives the camera and the renderer.

let sprite = new THREE.TextSprite({
  text: 'Hello World!',
  fontFamily: 'Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif',
  fontSize: 12,
  color: '#ffbbff',
});
scene.add(sprite);

You can also change the text and the font on the fly.

sprite.text = 'Hello Stack Overflow!';
sprite.fontFamily = 'Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif';
sprite.fontSize = 24;

Answer 3

如果您确实想将画布对象中的文本（或任何图像）作为 3D 场景的一部分，请查看示例代码： http : //stemkoski.github.com/Three.js/Texture-From-Canvas。 html

Answer 4

Update : This method is Deprecated now and is CPU heavy, don't use it.

I found out another only three.js based solution,

var textShapes = THREE.FontUtils.generateShapes( text, options );
var text = new THREE.ShapeGeometry( textShapes );
var textMesh = new THREE.Mesh( text, new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( { color: 0xff0000 } ) ) ;
scene.add(textMesh);
// Example text options : {'font' : 'helvetiker','weight' : 'normal', 'style' : 'normal','size' : 100,'curveSegments' : 300};

Now to edit this text dynamically,

var textShapes = THREE.FontUtils.generateShapes( text, options );
var text = new THREE.ShapeGeometry( textShapes );
textMesh.geometry = text;
textMesh.geometry.needsUpdate = true;

Answer 5

I've published a module on NPM that does that for you: https://github.com/gamestdio/three-text2d

It allows you to have an Sprite or Mesh with the rendered text without dealing with canvas manually.

Example:

var Text2D = require('three-text2d').Text2D

var text = new Text2D("Hello world!", { font: '30px Arial', fillStyle: '#000000', antialias: true })
scene.add(text) 

Answer 6

You can create a 2d canvas and use css to position it to the top of your webgl canvas. Then you can draw text on it using the ctx.fillText(text,x,y) or ctx.strokeText(text,x,y) methods provided by the 2d canvas context. By using this method you can draw other things besides text, such as arrows and meters.

You can use the method as suggested by @kronuus to convert a point from 3d to 2d space.

Answer 7

The response by @LeeStemkoski was quite useful. Yet there is a slight change that needs to be done to the code in order for the text to follow your arrows around ie in case the arrow gets moved around, rotated, etc.

See the next code

                        var canvas1 = document.createElement('canvas');
                        var context1 = canvas1.getContext('2d');
                        context1.font = "Bold 10px Arial";
                        context1.fillStyle = "rgba(255,0,0,1)";
                        context1.fillText('Hello, world!', 0, 60);

                        // canvas contents will be used for a texture
                        var texture1 = new THREE.Texture(canvas1)
                        texture1.needsUpdate = true;

                        var material1 = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: texture1, side: THREE.DoubleSide });
                        material1.transparent = true;

                        var mesh1 = new THREE.Mesh(
                            new THREE.PlaneGeometry(50, 10),
                            material1
                          );
                        mesh1.position.set(25, 5, -5);
                        mesh1.rotation.x = -0.9;
                        shape.add(mesh1);
                        // Note that mesh1 gets added to the shape and not to the scene

                       scene.add(shape)

As you can see, the trick is to add the text ( mesh1 ) to the shape (your "arrow") instead of adding it to the scene .

I hope this helps.

Answer 8

From the "geometry / text / shape" of Three js :https://threejs.org/examples/?q=text#webgl_geometry_text_shapes

I simplified the code for just have the strict necessary to add a 2D dynamic text :

var loader = new THREE.FontLoader();
loader.load( 'assets/fonts/helvetiker_regular.typeface.json', function ( font ) {   
    var textPositions = [[1, 1, 1],
                         [2, 2, 2]];

    var textMessages = ['Text 1', 'Text 2'];

    var textSizes = [0.1, 0.2];

    var textName = ['text1', 'text2'];

    var textsNumber = textPositions.length;     

    for (var i = 0; i < textsNumber; i++) {

the method 'generateShapes' permit to create the text in shape

        var textsShapes = font.generateShapes( textMessages[i], textSizes[i] );
        var textsGeometry = new THREE.ShapeBufferGeometry( textsShapes );    
        var textsMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0xeeeeee});

        var text = new THREE.Mesh(textsGeometry, textsMaterial);
        text.position.set(textPositions[i][0], textPositions[i][1], textPositions[i][2]);
        text.name = textName[i]; 

        scene.add(text);
    }

});