在C＃中使用反射返回实例

Question

A sample code I tried to return an instance of class is given below.

public object getConstructorclass(int i)
{  
    if(i==1)
    {
       Type type = Type.GetType("test1");
    }else
    {
       Type type = Type.GetType("test2");
    }
    return Activator.CreateInstance(type); 
}    

var objcls = getConstructorclass(1);
objcls.callclass();//error occured

How can I mention the class type here since the type is not known at compile time but it will decided at runtime.In the above example i just pass a value 1 (it can be anything and that class will be called accordingly), and the class test1 called.

here I will get an error on the line objcls.callclass() , because objcls is an object instance that doesn't have a callclass() method.

How can I restructure this piece of code? My aim is if I mention a class in the getConstructorclass() method, an object should be returned so as to use it in the further code to invoke the members of that class.

Answer 1

If you know that your classes will have this method, you should use a common interface for them and implement it accordingly. Then you will work with classes that you have made sure it will work.

It would look like this

IMyInterface objcls = getconstrorclass() as IMyInterface;
if (objcls != null)
    objcls.callclass();
else
    // we failed miserably and should do something about it

I don't think you should use some generic object returning constructor based on an int variable, if your classes don't have anything in common. It's really weird to handle it like this and it may lead to various problems (some of which you're currently already experiencing). Generic class constructors make sense if the classes are somewhat related and you can predict the outcome, but to create a do-it-all method.. Not so sure about correctness of such approach.

Anyway, if you insist (not recommended, but as you wish), you can create some checks for a type like this:

var createdObject = getConstructorclass(1);
if (createdObject is MyClass1)
{
    var specificObject = (MyClass1)createdObject;
    specificObject.callMethod1(); 
}
else if (createdObject is MyClass2)
{
    var specificObject = (MyClass2)createdObject;
    specificObject.callSomeOtherMethod();
}
...

But it gets very error prone soon, refactoring will probably be a nightmare etc., but it's your call..

Or you maybe can use solution from pwas, but to me it seems unnecessarily complicated for such a basic task. Looks nice and all, but it still returns only the type "object", so it doesn't really solve your specific problem.

Also, to address one issue I'm not sure you understand - you've already created the instance, you just return type object. That is why you can't call any specific methods on this object, because first you have to cast it to something, that actually has that method and make sure the cast can be done (inheritance etc).

Answer 2

If interface solution (see other answers) is enough, don't look at this answer. When you can't use common base class / interface and you still want call members, you can use solution with is keyword (and check types). Instead of writing many ifs for each case, you can use fluent API:

object obj = this.getConstructorclass();
obj.StronglyInvoke()
   .When<int>(value => Console.WriteLine("Got {0} as int", value))
   .When<string>(value => Console.WriteLine("Got {0} as string", value))
   .OnFail(() => Debug.Write("No handle."))
   .Invoke();

Solution:

public class GenericCaller
{
    private IList<GenericInvoker> invokers = new List<GenericInvoker>();

    private readonly object target;

    private Action failAction;

    public GenericCaller(object target)
    {
        if (target == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("target");
        }

        this.target = target;
    }

    public GenericCaller OnFail(Action fail)
    {
        this.failAction = fail;
        return this;
    }

    public GenericCaller When<T>(Action<T> then)
    {
        if (then == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("then");
        }

        var invoker = new GenericInvoker<T>(this.target, then);

        this.invokers.Add(invoker);

        return this;
    }

    public void Invoke()
    {
        if (this.invokers.Any(invoker => invoker.Invoke()))
        {
            return;
        }

        if (this.failAction == null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Handler not found");
        }

        this.failAction();
    }

    public abstract class GenericInvoker
    {
        protected readonly object target;

        protected GenericInvoker(object target)
        {
            this.target = target;
        }

        public abstract bool Invoke();
    }

    public class GenericInvoker<T> : GenericInvoker
    {
        private readonly Action<T> then;

        public GenericInvoker(object target, Action<T> then)
            : base(target)
        {
            this.then = then;
        }

        public override bool Invoke()
        {
            if (this.target.GetType() == typeof(T))
            {
                this.then((T)this.target);
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }
    }
}

public static class Extensions
{
    public static GenericCaller StronglyInvoke(this object o)
    {
        return new GenericCaller(o);
    }
}

Remeber - it would be more elegant to use common interface (as other answers say) - my is only alternative way.

Answer 3

Declare your variable as dynamic

dynamic objcls = getconstrorclass();

Using this the will be determined at run-time, whatever the getconstrorclass method returns. You can access any member of the type and you won't get any error at compile-time. But if you try to access a member which doesn't exists you will get a RuntimeBinderException at runtime.

Answer 4

I would recommend using an interface and restricting the classes that you can instantiate this way to only those that implement the interface.

public interface IMyInterface
{
    void callclass();
}

public <T> getConstructorClass()
{
    T instance;
    Type type = Type.GetType("test1");

    // instance will be null if the object cannot be cast to type T.
    instance = Activator.CreateInstance(type) as T;
    return T;
}

IMyInterface objcls = getConstructorClass<IMyInterface>();
if(null != objcls)
{
    objcls.callclass();
}

Answer 5

不确定最终要实现什么，但这看起来像是“依赖注入”的工作-这是一个使用autofac的不错的示例