使用C ++的Directx11渲染不起作用

Question

I started to practice rendering with directx11.I had done rendering in directx 9. But DX11 is a pain in the ass.. I couldn't manage to even draw a simple traingle. I dont know what I am doing wrong.

I tried removing depth and stencil buffer but was in vain. So after brooding over this issue for 2 hours i still can't find the solution.

Can anyone please be kind enough to help me.. Please guys

Thanks

Here is the full code

#include <Windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <D3D11.h>
#include <D3DX10math.h>
#include <dxerr.h>
#include <D3DX11.h>
#include <D3DX10.h>

#include "CoreApp.h"
#include "AppTime.h"


using namespace std;
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx10.lib")




LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM);

bool InitWindowClass(HINSTANCE hinst,int shw,HWND * _hwnd,WNDCLASSEX * exClass);

RECT windowWidth = {0,0, 512,512};

void TW_CALL _Callbak(void * clenddata);

void InitPipeline();
void initGraphics();




ID3D11VertexShader * vshader = 0;
ID3D11PixelShader * pixelShader = 0;
ID3D11Device * d3dDevice = 0;   
ID3D11DeviceContext * d3dContext = 0;

#pragma region verticles
struct CVertex
{
    float X,Y,Z;
    D3DXCOLOR col;
};

namespace Color
{
    D3DXCOLOR white (255);
    D3DXCOLOR Red ((float)255,0.0,0.0,1.0);
}
#pragma endregion


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst,HINSTANCE previnst,LPSTR cmdLine,int show)
{


    // Window Params
    HWND hwnd;
    WNDCLASSEX exClass;
    MSG msg;
    GameTime time;

    // Iniitaliztion
    SecureZeroMemory(&hwnd,sizeof(HWND));
    SecureZeroMemory(&exClass,sizeof(exClass));
    SecureZeroMemory(&msg,sizeof(MSG));
    SecureZeroMemory(&time,sizeof(time));

if(InitWindowClass(inst,show,&hwnd,&exClass))
    {
    // Directx  11 Functionalities

        #pragma region Create the device


        D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL feature_LEVEL; // Output feature level



            HRESULT hr = D3D11CreateDevice(0,
                                           D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
                                           0,
                                           0,       // No flags 
                                           0,0,
                                           D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
                                           &d3dDevice,
                                           &feature_LEVEL,&d3dContext);
            if(FAILED(hr))
            {
                MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed TO CREATE DEVICE",L"ERROR",0);
            }

      #pragma endregion

        #pragma region Multisampling
            UINT multisampleQuality = 0;
            d3dDevice->CheckMultisampleQualityLevels(DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,4,&multisampleQuality);


        #pragma endregion

        #pragma region DescribeSwapChain
            DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapDesc;

            // Allocate Mommory
             SecureZeroMemory(&swapDesc,sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));

            swapDesc.BufferDesc.Width =  512;
            swapDesc.BufferDesc.Height = 512;
            swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator= 60;
            swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
            swapDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
            swapDesc.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
            swapDesc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;

            //MSAA 
            swapDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4;
            swapDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = multisampleQuality -1;

            //BackBuffer
            swapDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
            swapDesc.BufferCount = 1;

            swapDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
            swapDesc.Windowed = true;

            swapDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
            swapDesc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;


        #pragma endregion

        #pragma region CreateSwapChain

            #pragma region Obtain DXGIFactory

        // DXGIFactory >> DXGIAdaptor >> DXGIDevice

            // Get the DXGI device
            IDXGIDevice * dxgiDevice = 0;
            d3dDevice->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIDevice),(void**)&dxgiDevice);

            // Obtain DXGIAdaptor
            IDXGIAdapter * dxgiAdaptor = 0;
            dxgiDevice->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIAdapter),(void**)&dxgiAdaptor);

            IDXGIFactory * dxgiFactory = 0;
            dxgiAdaptor->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory),(void**)&dxgiFactory);
            #pragma endregion


            IDXGISwapChain * SwapChain = 0;
                if(FAILED(dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(d3dDevice,&swapDesc,&SwapChain)))
                {
                    MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed Creating back buffer",L"Error",0);
                }



                dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation(hwnd,0);


                //Release COMs
            dxgiAdaptor->Release();
            dxgiDevice->Release();
            dxgiFactory->Release();

            /*IDXGISwapChain * SwapChain = 0;
            if(FAILED(D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(0,D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,0,0,0,0,D3D11_SDK_VERSION,&swapDesc,&SwapChain,&d3dDevice,&feature_LEVEL,&d3dContext)))
            {
                MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed Creating back buffer and device",L"Error",0);
            }*/


        #pragma endregion

        #pragma region Create Render Target View

            ID3D11RenderTargetView * RenderTarget ;
            ID3D11Texture2D * backBuffer ;

            SecureZeroMemory(&backBuffer,sizeof(ID3D11Texture2D));
            SecureZeroMemory(&RenderTarget,sizeof(ID3D11RenderTargetView));

            SwapChain->GetBuffer(0,__uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D),(void**)&backBuffer);
            d3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(backBuffer,NULL,&RenderTarget);
        //  d3dContext->OM
            //Release COM
            backBuffer->Release();



        #pragma endregion

        #pragma region Create Depth Stencil Texture

            D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthDesc;

            SecureZeroMemory(&depthDesc,sizeof(depthDesc)); // Allocate Memeory

            depthDesc.ArraySize = 1;

            //Flags
            depthDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
            depthDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
            depthDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT; // Format

            // Area
            depthDesc.Height = 512;
            depthDesc.Width = 512;

            // Mipmap and MXAA
            depthDesc.MipLevels= 1;
            depthDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4;
            depthDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = multisampleQuality -1;


            depthDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
            depthDesc.MiscFlags = 0;

            // Create and initialize pointers
            ID3D11Texture2D * DepthTexture = 0;
            ID3D11DepthStencilView * depthView = 0;

            //d3dDevice->CreateTexture2D(&depthDesc,0,&DepthTexture);
        //  d3dDevice->CreateDepthStencilView(DepthTexture,0,&depthView);


        #pragma endregion

        #pragma region Bind to Output
            d3dContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1,&RenderTarget,NULL); // removed depth buffer for testing but still wont work
        #pragma endregion

        #pragma region Create ViewPort
            D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;

            //Clear mommory
            SecureZeroMemory(&viewport,sizeof(viewport));

            viewport.Height = 512;
            viewport.Width = 512;
            viewport.MinDepth = 0;
            viewport.MaxDepth = 1;
            viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
            viewport.TopLeftY = 0;

            d3dContext->RSSetViewports(1,&viewport);
        #pragma endregion


            TwInit(ETwGraphAPI::TW_DIRECT3D11,d3dDevice);
            TwWindowSize(swapDesc.BufferDesc.Width,swapDesc.BufferDesc.Height);


            time.Reset();

            InitPipeline();
            #pragma region Vertex Buffer Creation
            CVertex vertex[3] = {
                {0,0,0,Color::white},
                {0.5,0,0,Color::white},
                {0.25,0.5,0,Color::Red},
            };

            D3D11_BUFFER_DESC VbufferDesc;
            D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vBufferInit;

            SecureZeroMemory(&vertex,sizeof(vertex));
                SecureZeroMemory(&VbufferDesc,sizeof(VbufferDesc));
                SecureZeroMemory(&vBufferInit,sizeof(vBufferInit));

                VbufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
                VbufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
                VbufferDesc.ByteWidth = 3* sizeof(CVertex);
                VbufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_FLAG::D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_READ;
                VbufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
                VbufferDesc.StructureByteStride = 0;


                vBufferInit.pSysMem = vertex;

                ID3D11Buffer * Vbuffer = {0};

                    d3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&VbufferDesc,&vBufferInit,&Vbuffer);



            #pragma endregion

            while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
        {
            if(PeekMessage(&msg,hwnd,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
          {
              TranslateMessage(&msg);
              DispatchMessage(&msg);
            }else{


             // Update Sequences

                // Rendering
                d3dContext->ClearRenderTargetView(RenderTarget,D3DXCOLOR(0,0,300,0));


                UINT stride = sizeof(CVertex);
                UINT offset = 0;    
                d3dContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0,1,&Vbuffer,&stride,&offset);
                d3dContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY::D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLESTRIP);
                d3dContext->Draw(3,0);


                SwapChain->Present(0,0);
            }
        }
    }

    return msg.wParam;

}

void InitPipeline()
{
    ID3D10Blob * vBuffBlob = 0;
ID3D10Blob * pBuffBlob = 0;

    //SecureZeroMemory(&vBuffBlob,sizeof(ID3D10Blob));
    //SecureZeroMemory(&pBuffBlob,sizeof(ID3D10Blob));
    SecureZeroMemory(&vshader,sizeof(ID3D11VertexShader));
    SecureZeroMemory(&pixelShader,sizeof(ID3D11PixelShader));

    HRESULT hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"source.shader",0,0,"VShader","vs_4_0",0,0,0,&vBuffBlob,0,0);
    D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"source.shader",0,0,"PShader","ps_4_0",0,0,0,&pBuffBlob,0,0);
    if(FAILED(hr))
        MessageBeep(1);

    d3dDevice->CreateVertexShader(vBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),vBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),NULL,&vshader);
    d3dDevice->CreatePixelShader(pBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),pBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),NULL,&pixelShader);


D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
    {"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,0,0,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0},
    {"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,12,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0}
};
    SecureZeroMemory(inp,sizeof(inp));

    ID3D11InputLayout * inputL = 0;
    d3dDevice->CreateInputLayout(inp,2,vBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),vBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),&inputL);


    d3dContext->IASetInputLayout(inputL);

                d3dContext->VSSetShader(vshader,NULL,0);
                d3dContext->PSSetShader(pixelShader,0,0);

    pBuffBlob->Release();
    vBuffBlob->Release();

}


// Initialize and show the Window
bool InitWindowClass(HINSTANCE hinst,int shw,HWND * _hwnd,WNDCLASSEX * exClass)
{

     exClass->cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
     exClass->hCursor = LoadCursor(0,IDC_ARROW);
     exClass->hInstance = hinst;
     exClass->lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
     exClass->lpszClassName = L"DX_Test";
     exClass->lpszMenuName = L"Test";
     exClass->hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
     RegisterClassEx(exClass);


     AdjustWindowRect(&windowWidth,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,false);

     (*_hwnd) = CreateWindowEx(0,L"DX_Test",L"Test",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,500,200,windowWidth.right -  windowWidth.left,windowWidth.bottom-windowWidth.top,NULL,NULL,hinst,0);

     ShowWindow((*_hwnd),shw);


     UpdateWindow(*_hwnd);

     return true;

}



// Message Loop
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,UINT msg,WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam)
{
   .....

Answer 1

First off, you're not properly initializing the D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC structure. You have:

D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
    {"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,0},
    {"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,12}
};
SecureZeroMemory(inp,sizeof(inp));

which partially initializes the structure then completely zeros it. That code snippet should be:

D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
    {"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,    0, 0,  D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
    {"COLOR",    0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
};

which gives the full description of the input and how it's laid out in memory.

Second, I'd suggest putting this entire project aside and spending about a week reading through both of the tutorials Chuck has linked, reading as much info on MSDN as possible, and give a good read through the book by Frank D. Luna. A lot of this stuff is addressed in his book, and all of the code is available online, so the book isn't required to learn the API (though it certainly helps).

DirectX 9 was easier to get used to, as the fixed function pipeline helped to organize a lot of this extra work. However, if you used DirectX 9.0c and Shader Model 2.x/3, a lot of this code is very similar, and is now required as there is no longer a fixed function pipeline in D3D.