TypeError：urlopen（）获得了意外的关键字参数'headers'

Question

I'm using rest api to send push notifications. Docs are here. I'm using pyramid and scheduling these push notifications using celery.

This is my code sample:

result = urllib2.urlopen(urlRequest, headers={
      "X-Parse-Application-Id": settings["parse.application.id"],
      "X-Parse-REST-API-Key": settings["parse.restapi.key"],
      "Content-Type": "application/json"
     })

connection = httplib.HTTPSConnection('api.parse.com', 443)
connection.connect()

connection.request('POST', '/1/push', json.dumps(data), )
result = json.loads(connection.getresponse().read())

But celery logs this error:

2015-08-18 16:39:45,092 INFO  [celery.worker.strategy][MainThread] Received task: app_v1_1.tasks.push_notification[877906d8-1ea7-4b1f-8a54-aa61bffb40e8]
2015-08-18 16:39:45,094 ERROR [celery.worker.job][MainThread] Task app_v1_1.tasks.push_notification[877906d8-1ea7-4b1f-8a54-aa61bffb40e8] raised unexpected: TypeError("urlopen() got an unexpected keyword argument 'headers'",)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/apnistreet/work/ve/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/celery/app/trace.py", line 240, in trace_task
    R = retval = fun(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/comp/work/ve/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/celery/app/trace.py", line 438, in __protected_call__
    return self.run(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/comp/work/site/code/apnistreet_v1_1/tasks.py", line 168, in push_notification
    # "Content-Type": "application/json"
TypeError: urlopen() got an unexpected keyword argument 'headers'

What is the problem?

Answer 1

urllib2.urlopen has no argument named headers :

urllib2.urlopen: (url, data=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)

Open the URL url, which can be either a string or a Request object.

Use urllib2.Request to pass headers :

req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={
      "X-Parse-Application-Id": settings["parse.application.id"],
      "X-Parse-REST-API-Key": settings["parse.restapi.key"],
      "Content-Type": "application/json"
     })
result = urllib2.urlopen(req)

Answer 2

Problem

The method urllib2.urlopen has no headers argument. This is what is indicated by the error message

TypeError: urlopen() got an unexpected keyword argument 'headers'

Solution

The connection.request is the place where you define the headers .

See this answer for an example.