如何在Mondrian 4模式中使用PostgreSQL的时间戳？

Question

In my fact table (from PostgreSQL) i have a timestamp that looks like this:

2016-07-01

How can i use this timestamp to show a Year/Month/Quarter/Day dimension? A Mondrian 4 Schema example would be helpfull.

I don't want to use a extra time table or something like that. Just the timestamp.

Answer 1

I found a way to solve this requirement.

The problem consisted of three different problems

1. Get subfields as year, month or ... from a timestamp
2. Use a fact table column as dimension
3. Use a hierarchy/multiple attributes in a fact table based dimension

I solved all three problems, as described below, but none of the solutions is a perfect in my eyes, so if you have any improvement suggestions, pls let me know in a comment below. Everything described below is for the metamodel version 4.0 and a PostgreSQL database.

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1. Get subfields as year, month or ... from a timestamp

I couldn't find a integrated solution and therefor made my own. In the Mondrian Schema you can define calculated columns for a table.

<Table name="sales" schema="reporting">
    <ColumnDefs>
        <CalculatedColumnDef name='store2'>
            <ExpressionView>
                <SQL dialect='generic'>
                    <Column name='store'/>
                </SQL>
            </ExpressionView>
        </CalculatedColumnDef>
    </ColumnDefs>
</Table>

Somehow mondrian allways uses generic as dialect and therefor postgres as dialect doesn't work. With <Column name='column'/> you can use a column value of the same table. In the example above, it's the store column of the sales table.

We can use the same method to add a year, month, ... column for every subfield we want out of the timestamp.

For quarter it looks like this:

<CalculatedColumnDef name='quarter'>
    <ExpressionView>
        <SQL dialect='generic'>
            'Q' || EXTRACT(QUARTER FROM <Column name='date'/>)
        </SQL>
    </ExpressionView>
</CalculatedColumnDef>

Now you only have to do this for every subfield you need. All supported subfield from PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL - Date/Time Function EXTRACT

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2. Use a fact table column as dimension

A dimension with no defined table is not possible in the mondrian schema. Some would think that the schema would just assume the fact table as default table but the mondrian schema does not.

How to solve this is not stated in the mondrian documentation. But it's just as simple as using a different link for the DimensionLinks .

Use this link (where xy schould be the dimension name):

<FactLink dimension="xy"/>

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3. Use a hierarchy/multiple attributes in a fact table based dimension

At this point it's really confusing what Mondrian does. With only 1., 2. and a hierarchical dimension Mondrian crashes and says:

Dimension 'xy'; omits a defined key, which is only valid for degenerate dimensions with a single attribute.

That doesn't make any sense to me and the solution does make no sense at all.

Just add a key to the dimension and a corresponding key attribute and it works. No idea why!

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Use all subfields in a dimension

The Mondrian documentation does recomment to use the dimension type TIME and the corresponding attribute levelType 's.

Out of the documentation:

Time dimensions based on year/month/week/day are coded differently in the Mondrian schema due to the MDX time related functions

For me, that made no difference at all, but still i have included it in my dimension:

<Dimension name='Time' key="Timestamp" type="TIME">
    <Attributes>
        <Attribute name='Timestamp' table='sales' keyColumn='slice_date' hasHierarchy="false"/>
        <Attribute name='Year' table='sales' keyColumn='year' levelType="TimeYears" hasHierarchy='false'/>
        <Attribute name='Quarter' table='sales' keyColumn='quarter' levelType="TimeQuarters" hasHierarchy='false'/>
        <Attribute name='Month' table='sales' keyColumn='month' levelType="TimeMonths" hasHierarchy='false'/>
        <Attribute name='Day' table='sales' keyColumn='day' levelType="TimeWeeks" hasHierarchy='false'/>
        <Attribute name='Week' table='sales' keyColumn='week' levelType="TimeDays" hasHierarchy='false'/>
        <Attribute name='Day of Week' table='sales' keyColumn='dayOfWeek' levelType="TimeWeeks" hasHierarchy='false'/>
    </Attributes>
    <Hierarchies>
        <Hierarchy name='Monthly'>
            <Level attribute='Year'/>
            <Level attribute='Quarter'/>
            <Level attribute='Month'/>
        </Hierarchy>
        <Hierarchy name='Weekly'>
            <Level attribute='Year'/>
            <Level attribute='Week'/>
            <Level attribute='Day of Week'/>
        </Hierarchy>
    </Hierarchies>
</Dimension>

Now you only have to use this dimension in a cube with the, in 2. decribed, link:

<Dimensions>
    <Dimension source="Time"/>
</Dimensions>

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I hope this does help someone else.