Android：使用OpenGL ES显示文本

Question

I want to write an app which displays text for exactly 1/60 seconds (framerate = 60 Hz) on a device.

What is the best way to manage this task ?

I first tried it without OpenGL by using an ImageView, but the time management isn't easy that way, because I haven't access on the renderer. Or is there a way how to have access on the renderer ?

My following code doesn't display "TESTING" with OpenGL and I don't know why.

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {

// The texture pointer
private int[] textures = new int[1];

private Bitmap bitmap;
private Canvas canvas;
private Drawable background;
private Paint textPaint;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);


    GLSurfaceView glSurfaceView = new GLSurfaceView(this);

    // OpenGL Version 2
    glSurfaceView.setEGLContextClientVersion(2);
    // bits for the channels of output image (red, green, blue, alpha, depth, stencil)
    glSurfaceView.setEGLConfigChooser(8, 8, 8, 8, 16, 0);
    // Activity acts as the Renderer
    glSurfaceView.setRenderer(this);
    // update on demand
    glSurfaceView.setRenderMode(GLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY);


    // our bitmap
    bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(256, 256, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444);
    // get a canvas to paint over the bitmap
    canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
    bitmap.eraseColor(0);

    // get a background image from resources
    // note the image format must match the bitmap format
    background = this.getApplicationContext().getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.background);
    background.setBounds(0, 0, 256, 256);
    // draw the background to our bitmap
    background.draw(canvas);

    // draw the text
    textPaint = new Paint();
    textPaint.setTextSize(32);
    textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
    textPaint.setARGB(0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
    // draw the text centered
    canvas.drawText("T E S T I N G", 16, 112, textPaint);
}

// when OpenGL starts up
@Override
public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {

    // default state to background color light grey state
    GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
}

// called as often as possible => high frame rate
@Override
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {

    // clear the color buffer (bitmaps)
    GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // generate one texture pointer...
    gl.glGenTextures(1, textures, 0);
    //...and bind it to our array
    gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[0]);

    // create Nearest Filtered Texture
    gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST);
    gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);

    // different possible texture parameters, e.g. GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE
    gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_REPEAT);
    gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_REPEAT);

    // use the Android GLUtils to specify a two-dimensional texture image from our bitmap
    GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0);

    // clean up
    bitmap.recycle();
}

// for resizing purposes
@Override
public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {

    // when size of the GLSurfaceView changes we also want to change the size of the rendering view port to be the same
    GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}}

Answer 1

You will find a good place to start with a GLSurfaceView here:

https://developer.android.com/training/graphics/opengl/environment.html

However, for text, simply draw text to a texture and render the texture. See this answer for how to do just that: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4336679/2979092

To ensure the use of GLES 2.0 add this to your manifest

<uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00020000" android:required="true" />

Extend the GLSurfaceView

class MyGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView {

    private final MyGLRenderer mRenderer;

    public MyGLSurfaceView(Context context){
        super(context);
        setEGLContextClientVersion(2);
        mRenderer = new MyGLRenderer(); // extended GLSurfaceView.Renderer
        setRenderer(mRenderer);
    }
}

Your renderer skeleton

public class MyGLRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {

    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) {
        GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    }

    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 unused) {
        GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    }

    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 unused, int width, int height) {
        GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
    }
}

To update on demand set

setRenderMode(GLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY);

Render text to a texture using a Bitmap (copied from linked answer)

Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(256, 256, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444);
// get a canvas to paint over the bitmap
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
bitmap.eraseColor(0);

// get a background image from resources
// note the image format must match the bitmap format
Drawable background = context.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.background);
background.setBounds(0, 0, 256, 256);
background.draw(canvas); // draw the background to our bitmap

// Draw the text
Paint textPaint = new Paint();
textPaint.setTextSize(32);
textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
textPaint.setARGB(0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
// draw the text centered
canvas.drawText("Hello World", 16,112, textPaint);

//Generate one texture pointer...
gl.glGenTextures(1, textures, 0);
//...and bind it to our array
gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[0]);

//Create Nearest Filtered Texture
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST);
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);

//Different possible texture parameters, e.g. GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_REPEAT);
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_REPEAT);

//Use the Android GLUtils to specify a two-dimensional texture image from our bitmap
GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0);

//Clean up
bitmap.recycle();

You will also need to bind a shader program before rendering if you're using GLES 2.0.