退订后，我如何等待一切按Rx可观察的顺序进行？

Question

Introduction

In my WPF C# .NET application I use the reactive extensions (Rx) to subscribe to events and I often have to reload something from the DB to get the values I need to update the UI, because the event objects often only contains IDs and some meta data.

I use the Rx scheduling to load the data in the background and update the UI on the dispatcher. I have made some bad experience with mixing "Task.Run" inside of a Rx sequence (when using "SelectMany" the order is no longer guaranteed and it is hard to control the scheduling in UnitTests). See also: Executing TPL code in a reactive pipeline and controlling execution via test scheduler

My problem

If I shutdown my app (or close a tab) I want to unsubscribe and then await the DB call (which is called from a Rx "Select") that still can be running after "subscription.Dispose". Until now I haven't found any good utility or easy way to do that.

Questions

Is there any framework support to await everything still running in a Rx chain?

If not, do you have any good ideas how to make a easy to use utility?

Are there any good alternative ways to achieve the same?

Example

public async Task AwaitEverythingInARxChain()
{
    // In real life this is a hot observable event sequence which never completes
    IObservable<int> eventSource = Enumerable.Range(1, int.MaxValue).ToObservable();

    IDisposable subscription = eventSource
        // Load data in the background
        .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default)
        .Select(id => LoadFromDatabase(id))

        // Update UI on the dispatcher
        .ObserveOn(DispatcherScheduler.Current)
        .SubscribeOn(Scheduler.Default) // In real life the source produces the event values on a background thread.
        .Subscribe(loadedData => UpdateUi(loadedData));

    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
// In real life I want to cancel (unsubscribe) here because the user has closed the Application or closed the tab and return a task which completes when everything is done.

    // Unsubscribe just guarantees that no "OnNext" is called anymore, but it doesn't wait until all operations in the sequence are finished (for example "LoadFromDatabase(id)" can still be runnig here.
    subscription.Dispose();

    await ?; // I need to await here, so that i can be sure that no "LoadFromDatabase(id)" is running anymore.

    ShutDownDatabase();
}

What I already tried (and didn't worked)

• Using the "Finally" operator to set the result of a TaskCompletionSource. The problem with this approach: Finally gets called directly after unsubscribing and "LoadFromDatabase" can still be running

UPDATE: Example with console output and TakeUntil

public async Task Main()
{
    Observable
        .Timer(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5.0))
        .Subscribe(x =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Cancel started");
            _shuttingDown.OnNext(Unit.Default);
        });

    await AwaitEverythingInARxChain();
    Console.WriteLine("Cancel finished");
    ShutDownDatabase();
    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
}

private Subject<Unit> _shuttingDown = new Subject<Unit>();

public async Task AwaitEverythingInARxChain()
{
    IObservable<int> eventSource = Observable.Range(0, 10);

    await eventSource
        .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default)
        .Select(id => LoadFromDatabase(id))
        .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default)
        .TakeUntil(_shuttingDown)
        .Do(loadedData => UpdateUi(loadedData));
}

public int LoadFromDatabase(int x)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Start LoadFromDatabase: " + x);
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
    Console.WriteLine("Finished LoadFromDatabase: " + x);

    return x;
}

public void UpdateUi(int x)
{
    Console.WriteLine("UpdateUi: " + x);
}

public void ShutDownDatabase()
{
    Console.WriteLine("ShutDownDatabase");
}

Output (actual):

Start LoadFromDatabase: 0
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 0
Start LoadFromDatabase: 1
UpdateUi: 0
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 1
Start LoadFromDatabase: 2
UpdateUi: 1
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 2
Start LoadFromDatabase: 3
UpdateUi: 2
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 3
Start LoadFromDatabase: 4
UpdateUi: 3
Cancel started
Cancel finished
ShutDownDatabase
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 4
Start LoadFromDatabase: 5
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 5
Start LoadFromDatabase: 6
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 6
Start LoadFromDatabase: 7

Expected: I want to have a guarantee that following are the last Outputs:

Cancel finished
ShutDownDatabase

Answer 1

This is easier than you think. You can await observables. So simply do this:

public async Task AwaitEverythingInARxChain()
{
    IObservable<int> eventSource = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).ToObservable();

    await eventSource
        .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default)
        .Select(id => LoadFromDatabase(id))
        .ObserveOn(DispatcherScheduler.Current)
        .Do(loadedData => UpdateUi(loadedData), () => ShutDownDatabase());
}

With a bit of Console.WriteLine action in your methods, and a little thread sleeping in the db call to simulate network delay, I get this output:

LoadFromDatabase: 1
LoadFromDatabase: 2
UpdateUi: 1
LoadFromDatabase: 3
UpdateUi: 2
LoadFromDatabase: 4
UpdateUi: 3
LoadFromDatabase: 5
UpdateUi: 4
LoadFromDatabase: 6
UpdateUi: 5
LoadFromDatabase: 7
UpdateUi: 6
LoadFromDatabase: 8
UpdateUi: 7
LoadFromDatabase: 9
UpdateUi: 8
LoadFromDatabase: 10
UpdateUi: 9
UpdateUi: 10
ShutDownDatabase

---

If you need to end the query, just create a shuttingDown subject:

private Subject<Unit> _shuttingDown = new Subject<Unit>();

...and then modify the query like this:

    await eventSource
        .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default)
        .Select(id => LoadFromDatabase(id))
        .ObserveOn(DispatcherScheduler.Current)
        .Do(
            loadedData => UpdateUi(loadedData),
            () => ShutDownDatabase())
        .TakeUntil(_shuttingDown);

You just need issue a _shuttingDown.OnNext(Unit.Default); to unsubscribe the observable.

---

Here's my complete working test code:

async Task Main()
{
    Observable
        .Timer(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5.0))
        .Subscribe(x => _shuttingDown.OnNext(Unit.Default));

    await AwaitEverythingInARxChain();
}

private Subject<Unit> _shuttingDown = new Subject<Unit>();

public async Task AwaitEverythingInARxChain()
{
    IObservable<int> eventSource = Observable.Range(0, 10);

    await eventSource
        .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default)
        .Select(id => LoadFromDatabase(id))
        .ObserveOn(DispatcherScheduler.Current)
        .Finally(() => ShutDownDatabase())
        .TakeUntil(_shuttingDown)
        .Do(loadedData => UpdateUi(loadedData));
}

public int LoadFromDatabase(int x)
{
    Console.WriteLine("LoadFromDatabase: " + x);
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
    return x;
}

public void UpdateUi(int x)
{
    Console.WriteLine("UpdateUi: " + x);
}

public void ShutDownDatabase()
{
    Console.WriteLine("ShutDownDatabase");
}

I get this output:

LoadFromDatabase: 0
LoadFromDatabase: 1
UpdateUi: 0
LoadFromDatabase: 2
UpdateUi: 1
LoadFromDatabase: 3
UpdateUi: 2
LoadFromDatabase: 4
UpdateUi: 3
LoadFromDatabase: 5
UpdateUi: 4
ShutDownDatabase

Note that the observable tries to produce 10 values over 10 seconds, but it is cut short by the OnNext .

Answer 2

I finally found a solution myself. You can use TakeWhile to achive it. TakeUntil does not work, because the main observable sequence immediately completes when the second observable sequence produces the first value.

Here is a example of the working solution:

     public async Task Main_Solution()
    {
        CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

        Observable
            .Timer(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4))
            .Subscribe(x =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Cancel startedthread='{0}'", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
            });

        await AwaitEverythingInARxChain(cancellationTokenSource.Token);
        Console.WriteLine("Cancel finished thread='{0}'", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        ShutDownDatabase();
        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
    }

    public async Task AwaitEverythingInARxChain(CancellationToken token)
    {
        IObservable<int> eventSource = Observable.Range(0, 10);

        await eventSource
            .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default)
            .Select(id => LoadFromDatabase(id))
            .TakeWhile(_ => !token.IsCancellationRequested)
            .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default) // Dispatcher in real life
            .Do(loadedData => UpdateUi(loadedData)).LastOrDefaultAsync();
    }

    public int LoadFromDatabase(int x)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Start LoadFromDatabase: {0} thread='{1}'", x, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
        Console.WriteLine("Finished LoadFromDatabase: {0} thread='{1}'", x, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);

        return x;
    }

    public void UpdateUi(int x)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("UpdateUi: '{0}' thread='{1}'", x, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
    }

    public void ShutDownDatabase()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("ShutDownDatabase thread='{0}'", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
    }

And the output:

Start LoadFromDatabase: 0 thread='9'
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 0 thread='9'
Start LoadFromDatabase: 1 thread='9'
UpdateUi: '0' thread='10'
Cancel startedthread='4'
Finished LoadFromDatabase: 1 thread='9'
Cancel finished thread='10'
ShutDownDatabase thread='10'

Note that "ShutDownDatabase" is the last output (as expected). It waits until "LoadFromDatabase" is finished for the second value, even if its produced value is not further processed. This is exactly what I want.

Answer 3

You need to have something to await on. You can't await on a subscription disposal. The easiest way to do it would be to turn your disposal logic into part of the observable itself:

var observable = eventSource
    // Load data in the background
    .ObserveOn(Scheduler.Default)
    .Select(id => LoadFromDatabase(id))
    .TakeUntil(Observable.Timer(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10))) //This replaces your Thread.Sleep call
    .Publish()
    .RefCount();

var subscription = observable.ObserveOn(DispatcherScheduler.Current)
    .Subscribe(loadedData => UpdateUi(loadedData));

//do whatever you want here.

await observable.LastOrDefault();