如何在Python中定义子模块？

Question

Python has a module named "os". It also has some other module named "os.path" which is categorized under the "os".

I can use "os.path" methods even if only import the "os" module.

import os

print(os.path.join("sdfs","x"))

I wonder how can I define a sub-module like this?

Answer 1

That's the __init__.py 'magic' of the os module - it imports its submodule path to its namespace, essentially giving you a way to access the latter even if you only import os .

os
|- path
   |- __init.__.py    # 2
|- __init__.py        # 1

The first __init__.py (#1) essentially has import .path so whenever you import just os , it imports path in its namespace, and therefore you can access it as os.path .

(NOTE: This is not exactly the case with the os module, but that's how to essentially achieve it)

Answer 2

Use this structure:

/ Package
├── __init__.py
├── file.py
│
├─┐ subpackage
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── file.py
│
└─┐ subpackage2
  ├── __init__.py
  └── file.py

Note each subpackage has its own __init__.py file. This will make Package.subpackage behave like os.path , importation speaking (considering you do not import .subpackage under the main __init__ file of Package ).