如何编码 Rust Piston 图像并在内存中获取结果？

Question

I am using the Piston image package to generate images.

fn get_image() -> image::DynamicImage {
    image::DynamicImage::ImageRgba8(image::ImageBuffer::new(512, 512))
}

I have a hyper web server , from which I would like to serve dynamically-generated images.

Based on the answer to How to create an in-memory object that can be used as a Reader or Writer in Rust? , I thought I might be able to use a Cursor<Vec<u8>> as the destination. However, image only seems to provide a method to write to a filename, not a Writer like my cursor.

After looking through image 's documentation, I hoped there might be some way to use the image::png::PNGEncoder struct directly. It provides a public method encode(self, data: &[u8], width: u32, height: u32, color: ColorType) -> Result<()> . However, I wasn't sure what the data argument is supposed to be, and I couldn't find any public declarations of the ColorType s used by ImageBuffer .

(&Get, "/image.png") => {
    let v = {
        let generated = get_image();
        let mut encoded_image = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
        let (width, heigth) = generated.dimensions();
        {
            let encoder = image::png::PNGEncoder::new(&encoded_image);
            encoder.encode(unimplemented!("what goes here?"));
        }
        encoded_image.get_mut()
    };

    Box::new(futures::future::ok(
        Response::new()
            .with_header(ContentLength(v.len() as u64))
            .with_body(v.clone()),
    ))
}

How do I encode a Piston GenericImage to a format like PNG and get the result in memory?

Answer 1

fn getImage() -> image::DynamicImage

You have a DynamicImage .

image only seems to provide a method to write to a filename

I assume you mean DynamicImage::save .

The method immediately before save is write_to :

pub fn write_to<W: Write, F: Into<ImageOutputFormat>>(
    &self, 
    w: &mut W, 
    format: F
) -> ImageResult<()>

This accepts any generic writer:

let mut buf = Vec::new();

get_image()
    .write_to(&mut buf, image::ImageOutputFormat::PNG)
    .expect("Unable to write");

There's no need for a Cursor .

---

How do I encode a Piston GenericImage to a format like PNG?

I have no idea the best way to do this. I'd probably copy the generic image into a DynamicImage and then follow the above instructions.

Answer 2

I've adapted OP's code based on the image crate docs. It looks possible to make the original code to work. There is no need for Cursor but one needs to create a "by reference" adaptor for the instance of Write implemented by Vec .

// This code have not been tested or even compiled
let v = {
    let generated = get_image();
    let mut encoded_image = Vec::new();
    let (width, height) = generated.dimensions();
    {
        image::png::PNGEncoder::new(encoded_image.by_ref())
            .encode(
                generated.raw_pixels(), 
                width, 
                height,
                generated.color()
            ).expected("error encoding pixels as PNG");
    }
    encoded_image
};

Here is the code I actually used in my project. I get a reference to the raw pixels passed in as an &[u8] slice. Each pixel represents an 8 bit grayscale value. Here is a function that encodes the pixels into an in memory PNG image.

pub fn create_png(pixels: &[u8], dimensions: (usize, usize)) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut png_buffer = Vec::new();
    PNGEncoder::new(png_buffer.by_ref())
        .encode(
            pixels,
            dimensions.0 as u32,
            dimensions.1 as u32,
            ColorType::Gray(8),
        ).expect("error encoding pixels as PNG");

    Ok(png_buffer)
}

Answer 3

Rather than returning a DynamicImage from get_image , it would be easier to return a specific image type, for example a colour RGBA image:

use image::RgbaImage;

fn get_image() -> RgbaImage {
    RgbaImage::new(512, 512)
}

The RgbaImage implements Deref<[u8]> , which means that the image can be directly dereferenced as a slice of bytes, so &img can be used as the first argument to encode . The height and width are easy, just access img.height() and img.width() . The final argument to encode is the colour type, which is more fiddly as it is stored as an associated constant of the Pixel type parameter on the ImageBuffer . From the generic type it can be accessed as P::COLOR_TYPE , so instead of making encode_png specific to one type of image, I've written it as accepting any ImageBuffer type.

The full example is then:

use std::error::Error;
use std::ops::Deref;
use image::{png::PNGEncoder, ImageBuffer, ImageError, Pixel, RgbaImage, Rgba};

fn encode_png<P, Container>(img: &ImageBuffer<P, Container>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ImageError>
where
    P: Pixel<Subpixel = u8> + 'static,
    Container: Deref<Target = [P::Subpixel]>,
{
    let mut buf = Vec::new();
    let encoder = PNGEncoder::new(&mut buf);
    encoder.encode(img, img.width(), img.height(), P::COLOR_TYPE)?;
    Ok(buf)
}

fn get_image() -> RgbaImage {
    let mut img = RgbaImage::new(32, 32);

    // Draw something to show in the final image
    for i in 0..32 {
        img.put_pixel(i, i, Rgba([255, 0, 0, 255]));
    }
    img
}

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let img = get_image();
    let buf = encode_png(&img)?;

    // write out the image using the base64 crate as a data
    // URL so that it can be copy-pasted into a web browser
    println!("data:image/png;base64,{}", base64::encode(&buf));
    Ok(())
}

Playground: https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2018&gist=e2611c5ef248667bf984a8dd3cedfec8