如何在 Python 中获取完整的异常堆栈跟踪

Question

The following snippet:

import traceback

def a():
    b()

def b():
    try:
        c()
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()

def c():
    assert False

a()

Produces this output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 8, in b
    c()
  File "test.py", line 13, in c
    assert False
AssertionError

What should I use if I want the complete stack trace including the call to a?

If it matters I have Python 2.6.6

edit: What I'd like to get is the same information I'd get if I left the try except out and let the exception propagate to the top level. This snippet for example:

def a():
    b()

def b():
    c()

def c():
    assert False

a()

Produces this output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 10, in <module>
    a()
  File "test.py", line 2, in a
    b()
  File "test.py", line 5, in b
    c()
  File "test.py", line 8, in c
    assert False
AssertionError

Answer 1

Here's a function based on this answer . It will also work when no exception is present:

def full_stack():
    import traceback, sys
    exc = sys.exc_info()[0]
    stack = traceback.extract_stack()[:-1]  # last one would be full_stack()
    if exc is not None:  # i.e. an exception is present
        del stack[-1]       # remove call of full_stack, the printed exception
                            # will contain the caught exception caller instead
    trc = 'Traceback (most recent call last):\n'
    stackstr = trc + ''.join(traceback.format_list(stack))
    if exc is not None:
         stackstr += '  ' + traceback.format_exc().lstrip(trc)
    return stackstr

print full_stack() will print the full stack trace up to the top, including eg IPython's interactiveshell.py calls, since there is (to my knowledge) no way of knowing who would catch exceptions. It's probably not worth figuring out anyway...

If print full_stack() is called from within an except block, full_stack will include the stack trace down to the raise . In the standard Python interpreter, this will be identical to the message you receive when not catching the exception (Which is why that del stack[-1] is there, you don't care about the except block but about the try block).

Answer 2

I don't know if there is a better way, but here's what I did:

import traceback
import sys

def format_exception(e):
    exception_list = traceback.format_stack()
    exception_list = exception_list[:-2]
    exception_list.extend(traceback.format_tb(sys.exc_info()[2]))
    exception_list.extend(traceback.format_exception_only(sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1]))

    exception_str = "Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
    exception_str += "".join(exception_list)
    # Removing the last \n
    exception_str = exception_str[:-1]

    return exception_str

def main1():
    main2()

def main2():
    try:
        main3()
    except Exception as e:
        print "Printing only the traceback above the current stack frame"
        print "".join(traceback.format_exception(sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1], sys.exc_info()[2]))
        print
        print "Printing the full traceback as if we had not caught it here..."
        print format_exception(e)

def main3():
    raise Exception()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main1()

And here's the output I get:

Printing only the traceback above the current stack frame
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "exc.py", line 22, in main2
    main3()
  File "exc.py", line 31, in main3
    raise Exception()
Exception


Printing the full traceback as if we had not caught it here...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "exc.py", line 34, in <module>
    main1()
  File "exc.py", line 18, in main1
    main2()
  File "exc.py", line 22, in main2
    main3()
  File "exc.py", line 31, in main3
    raise Exception()
Exception

Answer 3

Use

 traceback.print_stack()

http://docs.python.org/library/traceback.html#traceback.print_stack

 suxmac2 $ python out.py File "out.py", line 16, in <module> a() File "out.py", line 5, in a b() File "out.py", line 11, in b traceback.print_stack()

Answer 4

Here is a bit better variant of Tobias Kienzler answer . It works same, but can be called not right in except block, but somewhere deeper. In other words, this variant will print same stacks, when called like

try:
   ...
except Exception:
    print full_stack()

or

def print_full_stack():
    print full_stack()

try:
   ...
except Exception:
    print_full_stack()

Here is code:

def full_stack():
    import traceback, sys
    exc = sys.exc_info()[0]
    if exc is not None:
        f = sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_frame.f_back
        stack = traceback.extract_stack(f)
    else:
        stack = traceback.extract_stack()[:-1]  # last one would be full_stack()
    trc = 'Traceback (most recent call last):\n'
    stackstr = trc + ''.join(traceback.format_list(stack))
    if exc is not None:
        stackstr += '  ' + traceback.format_exc().lstrip(trc)
    return stackstr