converting python program into executable

Question

So now, I have a python program which I would like to convert into an executable(preferably a single file). Right now the target systems are only RedHat(and CentOS) and Debian(and Ubuntu).

First, I've tried the PyInstaller but after running it, it creates a .spec file and 2 folders called build and dist. I have no idea how to proceed from there.

Second, I tried the freeze.py which ships with python. I understand the usage is as follows:

python /path/to/freeze.py  /path/to/myfile.py

This throws an error ***Test Failed*** 2 failures and NameError: name 'testdata' is not defined

The full error is as follows:

**********************************************************************
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/freeze.py", line 117, in __main__.freeze
Failed example:
    testdata = json.loads(
        gzip.open("testdata.json.gz", "r").read().decode()
    )
Exception raised:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/doctest.py", line 1253, in __run
        compileflags, 1) in test.globs
      File "<doctest __main__.freeze[3]>", line 2, in <module>
        gzip.open("testdata.json.gz", "r").read().decode()
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/gzip.py", line 33, in open
        return GzipFile(filename, mode, compresslevel)
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/gzip.py", line 79, in __init__
        fileobj = self.myfileobj = __builtin__.open(filename, mode or 'rb')
    IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'testdata.json.gz'
**********************************************************************
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/freeze.py", line 121, in __main__.freeze
Failed example:
    freeze(testdata) == freeze_fast(testdata)
Exception raised:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/doctest.py", line 1253, in __run
        compileflags, 1) in test.globs
      File "<doctest __main__.freeze[4]>", line 1, in <module>
        freeze(testdata) == freeze_fast(testdata)
    NameError: name 'testdata' is not defined
**********************************************************************
1 items had failures:
   2 of   8 in __main__.freeze
***Test Failed*** 2 failures.

I'd like some help to using either of the 2 (or any other tool which will help me achieve the same result).

Thanks.

Answer 1

If you want to make it executable, you have to chmod +x /path/to/script.py . This gives anybody permission to run the file. Then you can python /path/to/script.py .

You still need to start the command with python, that is ugly. If you add this line #!/usr/bin/env python to the first line of your script. This is callled a shebang or a hashbang. Then (still remember to chmod it) you can /path/to/script.py and it will execute.

If you are already in the directory of your script you can ./script.py . (still remember to chmod it and at a shebang)

If you still aren't satisfied, and you want to type in just the name of your script , you move the script into one of the folders on your path (which you can find by typing echo $PATH in shell, typically this is /usr/, /bin/, /usr/local/bin, or something like that). If you move your script into one of those folders, then you can just script.py . If you do this, I recommend you drop the .py extension, so you can just type in script . This will kind of make look like other unix shell commands (ls, grep, cat) at least in its invocation.

Answer 2

You might wish to investigate Nuitka . It takes python source code and converts it in to C++ API calls. Then it compiles into an executable binary (ELF on Linux). It has been around for a few years now and supports a wide range of Python versions.

You will probably also get a performance improvement if you use it. Recommended.

Answer 3

Using the -F flag to pyinstaller.py will create a single, executable file and drop it into the dist/ directory.

pyinstaller.py --help shows a long list of options.

The pyinstaller-XX/doc directory has the full manual in HTML and PDF.

Answer 4

您可以尝试使用cython将其转换为ac可执行文件