Is there any utility or library provides a simple function to convert a string between hex/binary format? I've been searching on SO and currently using look-up table approach. By the way, since it might be a long string, I wouldn't consider to convert the string to integer and process the format conversion, as a long string might be greater than MAX_INT (or other integer data types).
For example:
0xA1 => 10100001
11110001 => 0xF1
PS: My project is using Boost 1.44, a bit out-dated. So if the utility is from Boost, hopefully it's available in 1.44.
You can use a combination of std::stringstream
, std::hex
and std::bitset
to convert between hex and binary in C++03.
Here's an example:
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <bitset>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string s = "0xA";
stringstream ss;
ss << hex << s;
unsigned n;
ss >> n;
bitset<32> b(n);
// outputs "00000000000000000000000000001010"
cout << b.to_string() << endl;
}
EDIT:
About the refined question, here's a code example about converting between hex strings and binary strings (you can refactor with a helper function for the hex char<>bits part, and use a map or a switch instead, etc).
const char* hex_char_to_bin(char c)
{
// TODO handle default / error
switch(toupper(c))
{
case '0': return "0000";
case '1': return "0001";
case '2': return "0010";
case '3': return "0011";
case '4': return "0100";
case '5': return "0101";
case '6': return "0110";
case '7': return "0111";
case '8': return "1000";
case '9': return "1001";
case 'A': return "1010";
case 'B': return "1011";
case 'C': return "1100";
case 'D': return "1101";
case 'E': return "1110";
case 'F': return "1111";
}
}
std::string hex_str_to_bin_str(const std::string& hex)
{
// TODO use a loop from <algorithm> or smth
std::string bin;
for(unsigned i = 0; i != hex.length(); ++i)
bin += hex_char_to_bin(hex[i]);
return bin;
}
The following code includes two functions that will do exactly as you desire. This is based on the answer by Silex but with a few extra string operations to match the example output you gave in your question.
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <bitset>
#include <string>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
using namespace std;
const unsigned g_unMaxBits = 32;
string Hex2Bin(const string& s)
{
stringstream ss;
ss << hex << s;
unsigned n;
ss >> n;
bitset<g_unMaxBits> b(n);
unsigned x = 0;
if (boost::starts_with(s, "0x") || boost::starts_with(s, "0X")) x = 2;
return b.to_string().substr(32 - 4*(s.length()-x));
}
string Bin2Hex(const string& s)
{
bitset<g_unMaxBits> bs(s);
unsigned n = bs.to_ulong();
stringstream ss;
ss << hex << n;
return "0x" + boost::to_upper_copy(ss.str());
}
int main()
{
cout << "0xA1 => " << Hex2Bin("0xA1") << endl;
cout << "B3 => " << Hex2Bin("B3") << endl;
cout << "11110001 => " << Bin2Hex("11110001") << endl;
return 0;
}
The simplest solution without using bitset or any library, only using shift operators and std::hex to convert the whole hex-string .
sample code to convert hex-string to binary-digits :
string s = "FF 0F F0 C3 10";
stringstream ss;
ss << hex << s;
unsigned int n;
while(ss >> n){
for (int i = 8 -1; i >= 0; i--)
cout << ((n >> i) & 1) ? "1" : "0";
cout << std::endl;
}
sample output :
11111111
00001111
11110000
11000011
00001010
If you want a concise solution in plain c++11. Here you go:
string hextobin(const string &s){
string out;
for(auto i: s){
uint8_t n;
if(i <= '9' and i >= '0')
n = i - '0';
else
n = 10 + i - 'A';
for(int8_t j = 3; j >= 0; --j)
out.push_back((n & (1<<j))? '1':'0');
}
return out;
}
string bintohex(const string &s){
string out;
for(uint i = 0; i < s.size(); i += 4){
int8_t n = 0;
for(uint j = i; j < i + 4; ++j){
n <<= 1;
if(s[j] == '1')
n |= 1;
}
if(n<=9)
out.push_back('0' + n);
else
out.push_back('A' + n - 10);
}
return out;
}
This would work for any length of string with no padding required. Should be pretty fast since there's no long switch cases and bit operations are fast.
Example usage:
string s = "FF11";
string b = hextobin(s);
cout << b << endl; // prints 1111111100010001
string h = bintohex(b);
cout << h << endl; // prints FF11
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