I want to run a bash command from python shell. my bash is:
grep -Po "(?<=<cite>).*?(?=</cite>)" /tmp/file1.txt | awk -F/ '{print $1}' | awk '!x[$0]++' > /tmp/file2.txt
what I tried is:
#!/usr/bin/python
import commands
commands.getoutput('grep ' + '-Po ' + '\"\(?<=<dev>\).*?\(?=</dev>\)\" ' + '/tmp/file.txt ' + '| ' + 'awk \'!x[$0]++\' ' + '> ' + '/tmp/file2.txt')
But I don't have any result.
Thank you
The recommend way to run system commands in python is to use the module subprocess .
import subprocess
a=['grep' ,'-Po', '"(?<=<dev>).*?(?=</dev>)"','/tmp/file.txt']
b=['awk', '-F/', '"{print $1}"']
c=["awk", '"!x[$0]++"']
p1 = subprocess.Popen(a,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p2 = subprocess.Popen(b,stdin=p1.stdout,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p3 = subprocess.Popen(c,stdin=p2.stdout,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p1.stdout.close()
p2.stdout.close()
out,err=p3.communicate()
print out
The point of creating pipes between each subprocess is for security and debugging reasons. Also it makes the code much clearer in terms, which process gets input and sends output to.
If you want to avoid splitting your arguments and worrying about pipes, you can use the shell=True
option:
cmd = "grep -Po \"(?<=<dev>).*?(?=</dev>)\" /tmp/file.txt | awk -F/ '{print $1}' | awk '!x[$0]++' > file2.txt"
out = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
This will run a subshell which will understands all your directives, including "|" for piping, ">" for redirection. If you do not do this, these symbols normally parsed by the shell will just be passed to grep program.
Otherwise, you have to create the pipes yourself. For example (untested code below):
grep_p = subprocess.Popen(["grep", "-Po", "(?<=<dev>).*?(?=</dev>)", "/tmp/file.txt"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
awk_p = subprocess.Popen(["awk", "-F/", "'{print $1}'"], stdin = grep_p.stdout)
file2_fh = open("file2.txt", "w")
awk_p_2 = subprocess.Popen(["awk", "!x[$0]++", stdout = file2_fh, stdin = awk_p.stdout)
awk_p_2.communicate()
However, you're missing the point of python if you are doing this. You should instead look into the re module: re.match
, re.sub
, re.search
, though I'm not familiar enough with awk to translate your commands.
you must use
import os
os.system(command)
Let us write a simple function to easily deal with these messy pipes for us:
def subprocess_pipes (pipes, last_pipe_out = None):
import subprocess
from subprocess import PIPE
last_p = None
for cmd in pipes:
out_pipe = PIPE if not (cmd==pipes[-1] and last_pipe_out) else open(last_pipe_out, "w")
cmd = cmd if isinstance(cmd, list) else cmd.split(" ")
in_pipe = last_p.stdout if last_p else None
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout = out_pipe, stdin = in_pipe)
last_p = p
comm = last_p.communicate()
return comm
Then we run,
subprocess_pipes(("ps ax", "grep python"), last_pipe_out = "test.out.2")
The result is a "test.out.2" file with the contents of piping "ps ax" into "grep python".
In your case,
a = ["grep", "-Po", "(?<=<cite>).*?(?=</cite>)", "/tmp/file1.txt"]
b = ["awk", "-F/", "{print $1}"]
c = ["awk", "!x[$0]++"]
subprocess_pipes((a, b, c), last_pipe_out = "/tmp/file2.txt")
The commands
module is obsolete now. If you don't actually need the output of your command you can use
import os
exit_status = os.system("your-command")
Otherwise you can use
import suproccess
out, err = subprocess.Popen("your | commands", stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell = True).communicate()
Note: for your command you send stdout to file2.txt
so I wouldn't expect to see anything in out
you will however still see error messages on stderr which will go into err
I think what you are looking for is something like: ubprocess.check_output(same as popen arguments, **kwargs)
, use it the same way you would use a popen
command , it should show you the output of the program that's being called.
For more details here is a link: http://freefilesdl.com/how-to-call-a-shell-command-from-python/
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