How do I create Logic based AI for my Java Tic Tac Toe Program?
Question
I've almost put the wraps on my program, but I want to add some way for users to play against the computer. For this, I need to create some kind of conditional logic based AI, but can't see which approach to take.
I don't want the computer to take its turn randomly, I want it to actually play like a human player. Would I have to use a deeply nested if statements and multiple moves for each possible turn, or use some kind of for or while loop?
My code reduced to just the WinChecker is here:
public void calculatevictory(){
if (b1.getText() == b2.getText() && b2.getText() == b3.getText() && b1.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b4.getText() == b5.getText() && b5.getText() == b6.getText() && b4.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b7.getText() == b8.getText() && b8.getText() == b9.getText() && b7.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b1.getText() == b4.getText() && b4.getText() == b7.getText() && b1.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b2.getText() == b5.getText() && b5.getText() == b8.getText() && b2.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b3.getText() == b6.getText() && b6.getText() == b9.getText() && b3.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b1.getText() == b5.getText() && b5.getText() == b9.getText() && b1.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b3.getText() == b5.getText() && b5.getText() == b7.getText() && b3.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else
{
win = false ;
}
}
My code so far is here:
/* PROGRAM NAME : TIC TAC TOE
* AUTHOR : Jack Robinson
* DATE : 7/17/2014
*/
// Importing necessary classes and directories
import java.util.Random ;
import java.util.Scanner ;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane ;
import javax.swing.JFrame ;
import javax.swing.JPanel ;
import java.util.InputMismatchException ;
import java.awt.BorderLayout ;
import java.awt.* ;
import java.awt.event.* ;
import javax.swing.JTextArea ;
import javax.swing.JButton ;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton ;
import java.awt.Font ;
//Creating class
class TicTacToe
{
//Declaring all instance members
public int count = 1 ;
public String letter;
public boolean b1bool = true ;
public boolean b2bool = true ;
public boolean b3bool = true ;
public boolean b4bool = true ;
public boolean b5bool = true ;
public boolean b6bool = true ;
public boolean b7bool = true ;
public boolean b8bool = true ;
public boolean b9bool = true ;
public boolean win = false ;
public boolean gameinit = true ;
private JButton b1 ;
private JButton b2 ;
private JButton b3 ;
private JButton b4 ;
private JButton b5 ;
private JButton b6 ;
private JButton b7 ;
private JButton b8 ;
private JButton b9 ;
private JFrame gamescreen ;
private JFrame introscreen ;
public Font TToeFont = new Font("Arial",Font.PLAIN,40);
// Main method
public static void main(String []args)
{
// Calls the method which pops up the intro screen ;
TicTacToe runnext = new TicTacToe();
runnext.popupintroscreen();
}
public void popupintroscreen()
{
//Creating introduction text and it's wrapper
JTextArea introtext = new JTextArea("Welcome to TicTacToe v1.0. This is a Simple Tic Tac Toe app coded by Abhishek Pisharody. Press the button below to play, or view the instructions first, if you prefer. We hope you enjoy playing. Thank you.");
introtext.setEditable(false);
introtext.setLineWrap(true);
// ----------------------------------- DECLARING ALL JBUTTONS IN THE INTRO SCREEN AND ADDING ACTION LISTENERS ---------------------------------------------------
JButton startgamebutton = new JButton("Start Game");
startgamebutton.setToolTipText("Start a game of Tic-Tac-Toe");
startgamebutton.setFont(TToeFont);
startgamebutton.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent gamestart)
{
if(gameinit == true){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Loading.....done!");
tictactoe();
gameinit = false;
} else {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "The game is already running" , "Error" , JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
}
});
JButton showinstructions = new JButton("Show Instructions");
showinstructions.setToolTipText("View game instructions. Worth checking out even if you know how to play.");
showinstructions.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent displayinstructionsprompt)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Nothing to see here..yet..off you go!");
}
});
JButton highscoresbutton = new JButton("High Scores");
highscoresbutton.setToolTipText("Show high scores for the game");
highscoresbutton.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent highscoresbuttonclicked)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Not coded yet!");
}
});
JButton quitgamebutton = new JButton("Quit Game");
quitgamebutton.setToolTipText("Quit the game. But why? :(");
quitgamebutton.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onquitgamebuttonclick)
{
int response = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Are you sure you want to quit the game?" , "Really quit?" , JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION );
if(response == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)
{
System.exit(0);
}
}
});
//Creating intro screen content pane and adding buttons to it
JPanel gamebuttonsholder = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
gamebuttonsholder.setSize(400,100);
gamebuttonsholder.add(introtext,BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
gamebuttonsholder.add(startgamebutton,BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
gamebuttonsholder.add(showinstructions,BorderLayout.LINE_START);
gamebuttonsholder.add(highscoresbutton,BorderLayout.CENTER);
gamebuttonsholder.add(quitgamebutton,BorderLayout.LINE_END);
//Creating the screen itself and setting it visible
introscreen = new JFrame("Tic Tac Toe");
introscreen.setSize(400,400);
introscreen.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
introscreen.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
introscreen.add(gamebuttonsholder);
introscreen.setVisible(true);
}
// Creating the method which powers the game ;
public int tictactoe()
{
// ----=---------------------- CREATING ALL JBUTTONS ON THE GAME SCREEN AND ADDING ACTION LISTENERS AND REACTIONS -----------------------------------------
b1 = new JButton("");
b1.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b1.setFont(TToeFont);
b1.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if (b1bool == true){ count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b1.setText(letter);
b1bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}});
b2 = new JButton("");
b2.setFont(TToeFont);
b2.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b2.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if (b2bool == true){ count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b2.setText(letter);
b2bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}
});
b3 = new JButton("");
b3.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b3.setFont(TToeFont);
b3.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if(b3bool == true){
count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b3.setText(letter);
b3bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}
});
b4 = new JButton("");
b4.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b4.setFont(TToeFont);
b4.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if(b4bool == true){
count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b4.setText(letter);
b4bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}
});
b5 = new JButton("");
b5.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b5.setFont(TToeFont);
b5.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if (b5bool == true){
count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b5.setText(letter);
b5bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}
});
b6 = new JButton("");
b6.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b6.setFont(TToeFont);
b6.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if (b6bool == true){
count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b6.setText(letter);
b6bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}
});
b7 = new JButton("");
b7.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b7.setFont(TToeFont);
b7.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if (b7bool == true){
count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b7.setText(letter);
b7bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}
});
b8 = new JButton("");
b8.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b8.setFont(TToeFont);
b8.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if(b8bool == true){
count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b8.setText(letter);
b8bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}
});
b9 = new JButton("");
b9.setToolTipText("Mark this box");
b9.setFont(TToeFont);
b9.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent onclickb1)
{
if(b9bool == true){
count++;
if(count == 1||count == 3 || count == 5 || count == 7 || count == 9 || count == 11)
{
letter = "O" ;
}
else if ( count == 2 || count == 4 || count == 6 || count == 8 || count == 10)
{
letter = "X" ;
}
b9.setText(letter);
b9bool = false ;
calculatevictory();
processturn();
}}
});
//CREATING GAME SCREEN LAYOUT
GridLayout gamescreenlayout = new GridLayout(3,3);
//CREAING GAME SCREEN CONTENT PANE AND ADDING BUTTONS TO IT
JPanel gamescreencontent = new JPanel();
gamescreencontent.setLayout(gamescreenlayout);
gamescreencontent.setSize(400,400);
gamescreencontent.add(b1);
gamescreencontent.add(b2);
gamescreencontent.add(b3);
gamescreencontent.add(b4);
gamescreencontent.add(b5);
gamescreencontent.add(b5);
gamescreencontent.add(b6);
gamescreencontent.add(b7);
gamescreencontent.add(b8);
gamescreencontent.add(b9);
// CREATING GAME SCREEN AND SETTING IT VISIBLE
gamescreen = new JFrame("Tic-Tac-Toe");
gamescreen.setSize(400,400) ;
gamescreen.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
gamescreen.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
gamescreen.add(gamescreencontent);
gamescreen.setVisible(true);
int gamestuff = 1 ;
return gamestuff ;
}
// This method checks if someone won the game every time you click a button
public void calculatevictory(){
if (b1.getText() == b2.getText() && b2.getText() == b3.getText() && b1.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b4.getText() == b5.getText() && b5.getText() == b6.getText() && b4.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b7.getText() == b8.getText() && b8.getText() == b9.getText() && b7.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b1.getText() == b4.getText() && b4.getText() == b7.getText() && b1.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b2.getText() == b5.getText() && b5.getText() == b8.getText() && b2.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b3.getText() == b6.getText() && b6.getText() == b9.getText() && b3.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b1.getText() == b5.getText() && b5.getText() == b9.getText() && b1.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else if (b3.getText() == b5.getText() && b5.getText() == b7.getText() && b3.getText() != "")
{
win = true ;
}
else
{
win = false ;
}
}
// This method sends the win message
public void processturn()
{
if (win == true)
{
int restart = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, letter + " wins! Play again? " ,letter + " Wins!" , JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
if(restart == JOptionPane.NO_OPTION)
{
gamescreen.dispose();
resetgame();
}
else {
resetgame();
}}
else if ( count == 10 && win == false)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Tie Game");
resetgame();
}
}
// This method resets all game variables
public void resetgame()
{
count = 1 ;
b1bool = true ;
b2bool = true ;
b3bool = true ;
b4bool = true ;
b5bool = true ;
b6bool = true ;
b7bool = true ;
b8bool = true ;
b9bool = true ;
win = false ;
gameinit = true ;
b1.setText("");
b2.setText("");
b3.setText("");
b4.setText("");
b5.setText("");
b6.setText("");
b7.setText("");
b8.setText("");
b9.setText("");
}
}
// END OF PROGRAM
1 answers
solution1
0 2014-07-21 13:48:57
Here you go, an entire tic-tac-toe in less than 70 lines of code (in Scala - totally impossible to be this concise in many other languages). First argument to the application is a "true" or "false" to specify human first. Second argument is an integer that will control the depth in which the AI will think (how many moves ahead). Use coordinates to specify your move (starting at 0,0). The App will print the board each move and stop when the game has ended.
It uses a simple brute force lookahead AI, which by the way is very slow for the first couple of moves. You could optimize this either by:
- Adding memoization so game trees are not recomputed
- Adding a lookup table for opening moves
- Just optimize the code, so using mutable data structures and such
code:
import scalaz.syntax.id._
import scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq
import scala.util.Try
case class Board(moves: List[(Int, Int)], maxDepth: Int = 4) {
val grid: IndexedSeq[(Int, Int)] = (0 to 2).flatMap(i => (0 to 2).map((_, i)))
def isThree(l: List[(Int, Int)], axis: ((Int, Int)) => Int): Boolean =
l.map(_.swap |> axis).distinct.size == 3 && (l.map(axis).distinct.size == 1 ||
l.map(axis) == l.map(_.swap |> axis) || l.map(axis) == l.map(_.swap |> axis).reverse)
def playerWon(player: List[((Int, Int), Int)]): Boolean =
player.map(_._1).combinations(3).map(_.sortBy(_._1)).exists(p => isThree(p, _._1) || isThree(p, _._2))
def hasWinner: Boolean = {
val (crosses, circles) = moves.zipWithIndex.partition(_._2 % 2 == 0)
playerWon(crosses) || playerWon(circles)
}
def computerMove: Board = Board({
val remainingMoves = grid.filterNot(moves.contains)
var (mvOpt, badMoves, depth) = (Option.empty[(Int, Int)], Set.empty[(Int, Int)], 1)
while (mvOpt.isEmpty && depth <= maxDepth) {
val lookAheadFunc: ((Int, Int)) => Boolean = mv => Board(mv +: moves, maxDepth) |>
List.fill[Board => Board](depth - 1)(_.computerMove).foldLeft[Board => Board](identity)(_ compose _) |>
(_.hasWinner)
if (remainingMoves.size >= depth) mvOpt = if (depth % 2 == 0) {
badMoves ++= remainingMoves.filter(lookAheadFunc)
val okMoves = remainingMoves.filterNot(badMoves)
if (okMoves.size == 1) okMoves.headOption else None
} else remainingMoves.filterNot(badMoves).find(lookAheadFunc)
depth += 1
}
mvOpt.getOrElse(remainingMoves.filterNot(badMoves).headOption.getOrElse(remainingMoves.head))
} +: moves, maxDepth)
def print: Board = {
(0 to 2).reverse.foreach(i => println((moves.reverse.zipWithIndex.map(p =>
if (p._2 % 2 == 0) (p._1, "X") else (p._1, "O")) ++
grid.filterNot(moves.contains).map((_, "B"))).filter(_._1._2 == i).sortBy(_._1._1).map(_._2).mkString))
this
}
def humanAttempt: Try[Board] = Try({
val Array(x, y) = readLine("Your move (of form x,y) $ ").split(",").map(_.toInt)
require(!(x > 2 || x < 0 || y > 2 || y < 0 || moves.contains((x, y))), "Move not valid: " +(x, y))
Board((x, y) +: moves, maxDepth)
})
def humanMove: Board = {
var moveAttempt = humanAttempt
while (moveAttempt.isFailure) {
println("Bad move: " + moveAttempt.failed.get.getMessage)
moveAttempt = humanAttempt
}
moveAttempt.get
}
}
object TicTacToe extends App {
var (board, humanNext) = (Board(Nil, args.drop(1).headOption.map(_.toInt).getOrElse(4)).print, args(0).toBoolean)
while (!board.hasWinner && board.moves.size != 9) {
board = (if (humanNext) board.humanMove else {
println("Computer moving")
board.computerMove
}).print
humanNext = !humanNext
}
}
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