why is std::cout convertible to void* if using g++?

Question

Why can one cast a std::ostream to a void pointer? I am not aware of any such conversion operator in std::ostream . Code below

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    void *p = std::cout; // why does this work? 
}

I'm asking this question since I've seen a placement operator new invoked as

Foo* pFoo = new (std::cerr) Foo;

and have absolutely no idea why would one write such a thing.

PS: I am compiling with g++ 4.9.2 with or without -std=c++11 . clang++ does not accept the code .

PSS: Found out that due to the so called "safe bool problem" (see @nicebyte's answer), in pre C++11 a void* conversion operator was defined for std::ostream , which was then removed in C++11. However, my code compiles fine in C++11 using g++. More than that, clang++ rejects it no matter what version of the standard I use, even with -std=c++98 , although my understanding is that it should accept if compiled as pre-C++11.

Answer 1

Read this (your question is answered in the very last section, " The safe bool problem ").

To elaborate a bit, the implementation defines an implicit conversion to void* defined for things like std::cin and std::cout , just so that code like while(std::cin>>x){...} compiles, while code like int x = std::cin; doesn't. It's still problematic because you can write stuff like in your example.

C++11 solves this problem by introducing explicit conversions.

An explicit conversion operator looks like this:

struct A {
 explicit operator B() { ... } // explicit conversion to B
};

When A has an explicit conversion to B, code like this becomes legal:

A a;
B b(a);

However, code like this is not:

A a;
B b = a;

A construct like if(std::cin) requires cin to be converted to bool , the standard states that in order for the conversion to be valid in that particular case, code like bool x(std::cin); should be "legal". Which can be achieved by adding an explicit conversion to bool . It allows cin/cout to be used in the above context, while avoiding things like int x = std::cout; .

For more information, refer to Bjarne's page as well as this question .

Answer 2

Answering only the follow-up, since nicebyte's answer is perfect for the original question.

Chances are, your gcc is set up to use libstdc++ (which hasn't changed the operator yet due it being an ABI-breaking change), and your clang is set up to use libc++ (which was from the beginning intended as a C++11 standard library and isn't quite conformant in C++98 mode - it provides a bool conversion operator that is explicit in C++11).

Answer 3

我认为这是允许if (std::cout) ...而不允许隐式转换为bool或类似的东西。