How to change __builtins__ module variable?

Question

If you run this code:

src = "import os"
d = dict(__builtins__={})
exec src in d

Python says:

ImportError: __import__ not found

That's what I like to do, but when creating (or maybe loading) a new module:

import imp
mod = imp.new_module("foo")
src = "import os"
exec src in mod.__dict__

As you can see it runs, but I like it doesn't as in the above program. I like to disable all the built-in variables and functions. Is there any way to do this?

If you print mod.__dict__ , you can see that it has __builtins__ variable such as any Python module. I think I have to change its value to {} , but I don't know how.

Answer 1

我想我必须将其值更改为 {}，但我不知道如何更改。

mod.__dict__["__builtins__"] = {}