Split a column to multiple columns

Question

I have table that the first column is:

chr10:100002872-100002872
chr10:100003981-100003981
chr10:100004774-100004774
chr10:100005285-100005285
chr10:100007123-100007123

I want to convert it to 3 separate columns but I couldn't define ":" and "-" to used strsplit command. What should I do?

Answer 1

Here's one way:

library(data.table)
DF[, paste0("V1.",1:3) ] <- tstrsplit(DF$V1, ":|-")

#                          V1  V1.1      V1.2      V1.3
# 1 chr10:100002872-100002872 chr10 100002872 100002872
# 2 chr10:100003981-100003981 chr10 100003981 100003981
# 3 chr10:100004774-100004774 chr10 100004774 100004774
# 4 chr10:100005285-100005285 chr10 100005285 100005285
# 5 chr10:100007123-100007123 chr10 100007123 100007123

strsplit accepts regular expressions involving the "or" operator, | , as @AnandaMahto said. tstrsplit is just a convenience function added by the data.table package.

If you convert your data.frame to a data.table (which has many advantages and no disadvantages except a slight learning curve), you would do:

setDT(DF)[, paste0("V1.",1:3) := tstrsplit(V1, ":|-")]

#                           V1  V1.1      V1.2      V1.3
# 1: chr10:100002872-100002872 chr10 100002872 100002872
# 2: chr10:100003981-100003981 chr10 100003981 100003981
# 3: chr10:100004774-100004774 chr10 100004774 100004774
# 4: chr10:100005285-100005285 chr10 100005285 100005285
# 5: chr10:100007123-100007123 chr10 100007123 100007123

---

Alternatives. There are (cumbersome) ways to get the same thing in base R, like

DF[, paste0("V1.",1:3) ] <- do.call(rbind, strsplit(DF$V1, ":|-"))

And @AnandaMahto's package also has a convenience function for this:

library(splitstackshape)
cSplit(DF, "V1", ":|-")
#     V1.1      V1.2      V1.3                      V1_1
# 1: chr10 100002872 100002872 chr10:100002872-100002872
# 2: chr10 100003981 100003981 chr10:100003981-100003981
# 3: chr10 100004774 100004774 chr10:100004774-100004774
# 4: chr10 100005285 100005285 chr10:100005285-100005285
# 5: chr10 100007123 100007123 chr10:100007123-100007123

Answer 2

Also similarly with tidyr . If you want to keep the original column you can add , remove = FALSE and convert = TRUE if you want to set corresponding classes to the new columns. separate has a default regex to split on non character/numeric values, thus you don't need to specify your condition. If some of the rows have missing components add , extra = "merge"

library(tidyr)
separate(DF, "V1", paste0("V1.",1:3))
#    V1.1      V1.2      V1.3
# 1 chr10 100002872 100002872
# 2 chr10 100003981 100003981
# 3 chr10 100004774 100004774
# 4 chr10 100005285 100005285
# 5 chr10 100007123 100007123