undefined reference to functions (c++)

Question

I searched this issue before asking and I found that everyone was using .h files for their functions, whereas my teacher has taught us to have main and the functions in one file.

I just want to figure out why it is undefined. I understand there could be other issues lurking in this code, but I really can not figure out what I am doing wrong.

Here is my code:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

void start();
void process();
void check();
void deposit();

const float dserv = 0.10;
const float cserv = 0.15;
const float fiveserv = 5.0;
const float oserv = 10.0;

int main()
{
float balance;
float amount;
bool fivehun;
bool endcheck;
float servcharge;
float servchargetotal;
char type;

start();
while(endcheck != true)
{process();}
cout<<"Current balance: $"<<balance<<endl;
cout<<"Total service charges: $"<<servchargetotal<<endl;
cout<<"Final balance: $"<<
system("pause");
return 0;
}

void start(float balance)
{
    balance = 0;
    cout<<fixed<<showpoint<<setprecision(2);
    cout<<"Transactions will take the form of a letter followed by a dollar ";
    cout<<"amount. Valid letters are “C” for a check, “D” for a deposit, and";
    cout<<"“E” for the ending transaction (use zero on this transaction).";
    cout<<"Press <Enter> after each line of input";
    cout<<"Enter the beginning balance:"<<endl;
    cin>>balance;
}

void process(float balance, float amount, char type, bool endcheck)
{
    cout<<"Enter a transaction:"<<endl;
    cin>>type>>amount;
    if (type = "C"||"c")
    {check();
    endcheck = false;}
    else if(type = "D"||"d")
    {deposit();
    endcheck = false;}
    else if(type= "E"||"e")
    {endcheck = true;}
}

void check(float balance, float amount, bool fivehun, float servcharge, float& servchargetotal)
{
    balance = balance - amount;
    servcharge = cserv;
    if (balance<500.00)
    {fivehun = true;}
    else
    {fivehun = false;}

    cout<<"Transaction: Check in amount of $"<<amount<<endl;
    cout<<"Current balance: $"<<balance<<endl;
    cout<<"Service charge: Check - $"<<cserv<<endl;
    if (fivehun == true)
    {cout<<"Service charge: Below $500 - $"<<fiveserv<<endl;
     servcharge = (fiveserv+servcharge);}
    cout<<"Total service charges: $"<<servcharge<<endl;
    servchargetotal = servchargetotal + servcharge;
}

void deposit(float balance, float amount, bool fivehun, float servcharge, float& servchargetotal)
{
    balance = balance + amount;
    servcharge = dserv;
    if (balance<500.00)
    {fivehun = true;}
    else
    {fivehun = false;}

    cout<<"Transaction: Deposit in amount of $"<<amount<<endl;
    cout<<"Current balance: $"<<balance<<endl;
    cout<<"Service charge: Check - $"<<cserv<<endl;
    if (fivehun == true)
    {cout<<"Service charge: Below $500 - $"<<fiveserv<<endl;
     servcharge = (fiveserv+cserv);}
    cout<<"Total service charges: $"<<servcharge<<endl;
    servchargetotal = servchargetotal + servcharge;
}

If there is anywhere I can elaborate, I will try to edit/comment whatever I can.

Answer 1

You declare a function void start(); . And you call it with start(); .

However you never provided the body for this function. The function you defined as void start(float balance) is a different function . In C++ there may be several functions with the same name but different parameter lists; these are different functions.

You have a similar problem with process() and so on.

---

Your functions are supposed to be passing and returning the variables that they use, but you didn't actually write functions to do that. The balance in void start(float balance) is a different variable to the float balance inside main() ; the changes you make inside this function will not affect float balance; in main .

To fix this particular function, it should be:

float start();

in both the prototype and the function definition; and you should have float balance; inside the function, and then end with return balance; . Then you call in main like so: balance = start();

Your course materials should cover passing values to functions and returning values from functions, you will need to consult them to fix your other functions.

Answer 2

Check your start function as said MM You should get something like this:

float start() {
    // ...
    float balance;
    cin >> balance;
    return balance;
}


int main() {
    float n;
    n = start();
    // ...
    return 0;
}

And check all functions step by step because you have a problem in next process function: in if statement must be comparison operator if (type == "C" || type == "c") instead assignment type = "C"||"c" .

Answer 3

You define the following functions:

void start();
void process();
void check();
void deposit();

You implement:

void start(float balance)
void process(float balance, float amount, char type, bool endcheck)
void check(float balance, float amount, bool fivehun, float servcharge, float& servchargetotal)
void deposit(float balance, float amount, bool fivehun, float servcharge, float& servchargetotal)

The definitions must match the implementations.

Alternately you can get rid of the definitions if you put the implementations ahead of their first use (in main ) in the file.

The function calls match the definitions, but when the compiler (the linker, actually) goes looking for a function implementation that looks like void start() it finds void start(float balance) and concludes these are not a close enough match.

Answer 4

Please use this code. This will help you.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

void start(float balance);
void process(float balance, float amount, char type, bool endcheck);
void check(float balance, float amount, bool fivehun, float servcharge, float& servchargetotal);
void deposit(float balance, float amount, bool fivehun, float servcharge, float& servchargetotal);

const float dserv = 0.10;
const float cserv = 0.15;
const float fiveserv = 5.0;
const float oserv = 10.0;

int main()
{
float balance;
float amount;
bool fivehun;
bool endcheck;
float servcharge;
float servchargetotal;
char type;

start(balance);
while(endcheck != true)
{process(balance, amount, fivehun, servcharge, servchargetotal);}
cout<<"Current balance: $"<<balance<<endl;
cout<<"Total service charges: $"<<servchargetotal<<endl;
cout<<"Final balance: $"<<
system("pause");
return 0;
}

void start(float balance)
{
balance = 0;
cout<<fixed<<showpoint<<setprecision(2);
cout<<"Transactions will take the form of a letter followed by a dollar ";
cout<<"amount. Valid letters are “C” for a check, “D” for a deposit, and";
cout<<"“E” for the ending transaction (use zero on this transaction).";
cout<<"Press <Enter> after each line of input";
cout<<"Enter the beginning balance:"<<endl;
cin>>balance;
}

void process(float balance, float amount, char type, bool endcheck)
{
cout<<"Enter a transaction:"<<endl;
cin>>type>>amount;
if (type = "C"||"c")
{check(balance, amount, ...);
endcheck = false;}
else if(type = "D"||"d")
{deposit(balance, amount, ...);
endcheck = false;}
else if(type= "E"||"e")
{endcheck = true;}
}

void check(float balance, float amount, bool fivehun, float servcharge, float& servchargetotal)
{
balance = balance - amount;
servcharge = cserv;
if (balance<500.00)
{fivehun = true;}
else
{fivehun = false;}

cout<<"Transaction: Check in amount of $"<<amount<<endl;
cout<<"Current balance: $"<<balance<<endl;
cout<<"Service charge: Check - $"<<cserv<<endl;
if (fivehun == true)
{cout<<"Service charge: Below $500 - $"<<fiveserv<<endl;
 servcharge = (fiveserv+servcharge);}
cout<<"Total service charges: $"<<servcharge<<endl;
servchargetotal = servchargetotal + servcharge;
}

void deposit(float balance, float amount, bool fivehun, float servcharge, float& servchargetotal)
{
balance = balance + amount;
servcharge = dserv;
if (balance<500.00)
{fivehun = true;}
else
{fivehun = false;}

cout<<"Transaction: Deposit in amount of $"<<amount<<endl;
cout<<"Current balance: $"<<balance<<endl;
cout<<"Service charge: Check - $"<<cserv<<endl;
if (fivehun == true)
{cout<<"Service charge: Below $500 - $"<<fiveserv<<endl;
 servcharge = (fiveserv+cserv);}
cout<<"Total service charges: $"<<servcharge<<endl;
servchargetotal = servchargetotal + servcharge;
}