Python static variable reassignment

Question

Trying to understand Python static variables, and the following confuses me:

>>> class Foo():
...     a = [1]
... 
>>> f = Foo()
>>> Foo.a.append(2)
>>> Foo.a
[1, 2]
>>> f.a
[1, 2]
>>> f.a.append(3)
>>> f.a
[1, 2, 3]
>>> Foo.a
[1, 2, 3]
>>> # appears that Foo.a and f.a reference same list object
... 
>>> Foo.a = 3 
>>> f.a
3
>>> Foo.a
3

Based on the top answer to this question ( Static class variables in Python ), I would expect that Foo.a and fa are separate names, but that fa is just first initialized to Foo.a. This explanation works if you first try to modify the object through Foo.a or reassign fa, but I am confused by the last few lines. I would expect Foo.a = 3 to only reassign Foo.a, but it seems to have reassigned fa as well, as it is no longer referencing the list object. If you assign to fa first, reassignment of Foo.a does not change fa, so it seems fa is syntatic sugar for Foo.a until fa is explicitly assigned to. Is this correct?

Answer 1

I wouldn't call it syntactic sugar. Rather, it's a consequence of the name lookup order in Python scopes.

Given an instance, Python will first attempt to look up a name on that instance. If that fails, it will fail back to looking it up in the class. This is what is happening in your case; at first, the name does not exist on the instance, so the lookup refers to the class attribute. As soon as an instance variable is defined, the name will refer to that.