I know that when declaring an array I have to specified its size with a constant value, but in this case I'm creating a const value that is also a const expression, initialized with a literal value, which can be evaluated in compiling time, but I keep having the error on those two cases:
CASE I:
Stack.h
#ifndef STACK_H
#define STACK_H
extern const unsigned MAX;
class Stack {
public:
/* Declarations here ... */
private:
unsigned n;
int stack[MAX];
};
#endif // STACK_H
Stack.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Stack.h"
extern const unsigned MAX = 5;
Stack::Stack() {
this->n = 0;
}
int Stack::pop() {
int pop = -1;
if (n > 0) {
pop = this->stack[n - 1];
this->stack[n - 1] = 0;
--n;
} else {
std::cout << "StackUnderFlowException:: Stack Data Structure is Empty!" << std::endl;;
}
return pop;
}
int Stack::getStackTop() {
return this->n > 0 ? this->stack[n - 1] : -1;
}
void Stack::push(int v) {
if (n < MAX) {
this->stack[n] = v;
++n;
} else {
std::cout << "StackOverFlowException:: Stack Data Structure is Full!" << std::endl;
}
}
Error:
In file included from p38.cpp:2:
./Stack.h:18:6: error: fields must have a constant size: 'variable length array in structure' extension will never be supported
int stack[MAX];
^
1 error generated.
In file included from Stack.cpp:2:
./Stack.h:18:6: error: fields must have a constant size: 'variable length array in structure' extension will never be supported
int stack[MAX];
^
And things get even more weird in the second case ...
CASE II:
Stack.h
#ifndef STACK_H
#define STACK_H
extern const unsigned MAX = 5;
class Stack {
public:
Stack();
int pop();
int getStackTop();
void push(int v);
bool isEmpty();
void printStack(void) const;
private:
unsigned n;
int stack[MAX];
};
#endif // STACK_H
Stack.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Stack.h"
using namespace std;
Stack::Stack() {
this->n = 0;
}
/* More code here ... */
Error:
duplicate symbol _MAX in:
/var/folders/r3/zbrrqh7n5tg0vcnpr9_7j0nr0000gn/T/p38-ac46b9.o
/var/folders/r3/zbrrqh7n5tg0vcnpr9_7j0nr0000gn/T/Stack-a5d98e.o
ld: 1 duplicate symbol for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
I've fixed CASE II just by removing the extern keyword, and case I was fixed using the #define MAX 5 in header instead of using some constant variable, the thing is even tough I've fixed the problem I want to have a better understanding of C++, a I would like to know the cause of those errors since I didn't get it quite well. Can someone give me an explanation ? Thanks in advance!
There is a difference between compile time constant and run time constant.
extern const unsigned MAX;
declares a run time constant, not a compile time constant. It can be initialized to 5, 10, 20, or anything else at run time. Once initialized, its value remain constant.
Since it is not a compile time constant, it cannot be used as the size of an array.
To use it as compile time constant, use:
const unsigned MAX = 5;
in the .h file.
extern const unsigned MAX = 5;
does not work since that not only declares the variable but defines it too. Any .c file that #include
s the .h file ends up defining the variable, which explain the duplicate symbol linker error.
int stack[MAX];
your error lies here u have to compulsorily specify the size. eg int stack[20];
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