a = [3, 4, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5]
b = [4, 6]
The answer should be 1. Because in a, 4 appears first in list b, and it's index is 1.
The question is that is there any fast code in python to achieve this?
PS: Actually a is a random permutation and b is a subset of a, but it's represented as a list.
If b
is to be seen as a subset (order doesn't matter, all values are present in a
), then use min()
with a map()
:
min(map(a.index, b))
This returns the lowest index. This is a O(NK) solution (where N is the length of a
, K that of b
), but all looping is executed in C code.
Another option is to convert a
to a set and use next()
on a loop over enumerate()
:
bset = set(b)
next(i for i, v in enumerate(a) if v in bset)
This is a O(N) solution, but has higher constant cost (Python bytecode to execute). It heavily depends on the sizes of a
and b
which one is going to be faster.
For the small input example in the question, min(map(...))
wins:
In [86]: a = [3, 4, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5]
...: b = [4, 6]
...:
In [87]: %timeit min(map(a.index, b))
...:
608 ns ± 64.5 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
In [88]: bset = set(b)
...:
In [89]: %timeit next(i for i, v in enumerate(a) if v in bset)
...:
717 ns ± 30.3 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
In one line :
print("".join([str(index) for item in b for index,item1 in enumerate(a) if item==item1][:1]))
output:
1
In detail :
a = [3, 4, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5]
b = [4, 6]
new=[]
for item in b:
for index,item1 in enumerate(a):
if item==item1:
new.append(index)
print("".join([str(x) for x in new[:1]]))
For little B sample, the set approach is output dependent, execution time grow linearly with index output. Numpy can provide better solution in this case.
N=10**6
A=np.unique(np.random.randint(0,N,N))
np.random.shuffle(A)
B=A[:3].copy()
np.random.shuffle(A)
def find(A,B):
pos=np.in1d(A,B).nonzero()[0]
return pos[A[pos].argsort()][B.argsort().argsort()].min()
def findset(A,B):
bset = set(B)
return next(i for i, v in enumerate(A) if v in bset)
#In [29]: find(A,B)==findset(A,B)
#Out[29]: True
#In [30]: %timeit findset(A,B)
# 63.5 ms ± 1.31 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
#
# In [31]: %timeit find(A,B)
# 2.24 ms ± 52.6 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
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