Why does destroy() not work in this code?

Question

This is a simple test script I am attempting to write which will help me teach myself about tkinter...

from tkinter import *
def hello():
   print("U pressed it lol")

global window1, window2
window2 = None
window1 = None

def setWindow(windowEnter):
   global window
   window = windowEnter
   window = Tk()
   window.attributes("-fullscreen", True)

def newScreen(newScreen, screenToDelete):
   setWindow(newScreen)
   print("New Window Created")
   screenToDelete.destroy()
   print("He ded lol")

setWindow(window1)

def setStuff():
   button = Button(window1, text="hey", command=hello)
   label = Label(window1, text="YoYoYo My dude")
   button2 = Button(window1, text="Next Page", command = lambda: newScreen(window2, window1))

   button.pack()
   label.pack()
   button2.pack()

setStuff()

When I run this code it returns an error?

File "C:\Users\026341\Desktop\test.py", line 19, in newScreen
screenToDelete.destroy()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'destroy'

Why doesn't this work & how do i fix it?

Thanks in advance :) (Btw I'm using python 3.6)

Answer 1

You set

window2 = None
window1 = None

as global variables and then define the command function for button2 to be

lambda: newScreen(window2, window1)

Which calls newScreen with the values window2 and window1 which are both None , hence the error. The underlying issue here is your setWindow function:

def setWindow(windowEnter):
    global window
    window = windowEnter
    window = Tk()
    window.attributes("-fullscreen", True)

which doesn't work the way you are using it. When you call setWindow(window1) , you pass the value of window1 , what the function does with the variable cannot be seen on a global scope. A quick example would be this:

def increment(a):
    a +=1
x = 1
print(x)
increment(x)
print(x)

which will print 1 twice.

To achieve what you want I suggest you use a dictionary to keep track of your windows.

from tkinter import *
def hello():
   print("U pressed it lol")

global window1, window2
windows = {}


def setWindow(window_name):
   windows[window_name] = Tk()
   windows[window_name].attributes("-fullscreen", True)

def newScreen(newScreen_name, screenToDelete_name):
   setWindow(newScreen_name)
   print("New Window Created")
   windows[screenToDelete_name].destroy()
   del windows[screenToDelete_name] #delete invalid entry from dict
   print("He ded lol")

setWindow("window1")

def setStuff():
   button = Button(windows["window1"], text="hey", command=hello)
   label = Label(windows["window1"], text="YoYoYo My dude")
   button2 = Button(windows["window1"], text="Next Page", command = lambda: newScreen("window2", "window1"))

   button.pack()
   label.pack()
   button2.pack()

setStuff()

Note on the side: previously your function was def newScreen(newScreen, screenToDelete) , which is very confusing/bad style since both the function and its first argument share the same name. I changed it anyway to highlight that it now takes strings as arguments, but keep it in mind for the furture.

Answer 2

I'm not able to test it right now, but I've spotted a source of error:

lambda: newScreen(window2, window1)

This creates a lambda function that doesn't take any arguments, hence window2 and window1 will be None, and None doesn't have a destroy() method, hence the error. Instead try:

lambda window2, window1: newScreen(window2, window1)